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Failure of In-Service Stainless-Steel Chemical Storage Tanks Fasteners and Gaskets – A Case Study

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Wafra Joint Operations is in the west central part of the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. The oilfield produces light and heavy oil and exports it to its various customers after processing. Upstream field consists of various Sub Centres where crude, oil and water being separated, and the separated crude transported to the main gathering centre for further processing in two different trains. The produced water being disposed/injected via water disposal and injection facilities after treatment.

Product Number: 51323-18790-SG
Author: Hamad Salem Al-Ajmi, A/Rahman Al-Ghamdi, Tariq Kamshad, Yousef Bahbahani, Salem Al-Qahtani, Manickavasagan Sabesan, Bakheet Al-Yami
Publication Date: 2023
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This paper demonstrates a case study associated with the improper installation of non-stainless-steel materials in chemical tanks against design specification, which explicitly called for the use of stainless-steel fasteners and gaskets. An operating facility required the substitution of current chemicals with new ones, and as part of the management of change (MOC) process, the cleaning and inspection of the tanks was required. Internal visual inspection (IVI) of the tanks revealed severe corrosion of the tank internal fasteners, including fasteners supporting structural elements of the tank central periphery. Positive Material Identification (PMI) testing was conducted and concluded that chrome-manganese bolt nuts were used during construction stage which does not match with the design recommended material, which is stainless steel AISI Type 316, ASTM A 193 GR. B7 and ASTM A 194 GR. 8M. The causal factors for the fastener’s corrosion were determined to arise from galvanic corrosion from using dissimilar materials alongside very corrosive environment. Similarly, it was observed that all tanks manway suffered from localized and crevice corrosion due to the use of non-asbestos gaskets instead of spiral wound metallic stainless steel AISI 316 gaskets as per design. Consequently, chemical incompatibility of the gasket led to flange surface crevice and localized corrosion.

This paper demonstrates a case study associated with the improper installation of non-stainless-steel materials in chemical tanks against design specification, which explicitly called for the use of stainless-steel fasteners and gaskets. An operating facility required the substitution of current chemicals with new ones, and as part of the management of change (MOC) process, the cleaning and inspection of the tanks was required. Internal visual inspection (IVI) of the tanks revealed severe corrosion of the tank internal fasteners, including fasteners supporting structural elements of the tank central periphery. Positive Material Identification (PMI) testing was conducted and concluded that chrome-manganese bolt nuts were used during construction stage which does not match with the design recommended material, which is stainless steel AISI Type 316, ASTM A 193 GR. B7 and ASTM A 194 GR. 8M. The causal factors for the fastener’s corrosion were determined to arise from galvanic corrosion from using dissimilar materials alongside very corrosive environment. Similarly, it was observed that all tanks manway suffered from localized and crevice corrosion due to the use of non-asbestos gaskets instead of spiral wound metallic stainless steel AISI 316 gaskets as per design. Consequently, chemical incompatibility of the gasket led to flange surface crevice and localized corrosion.

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Failure of In-Service Stainless-Steel Chemical Storage Tanks Fasteners and Gaskets – A Case Study
Available for download

Failure Of In-Service Stainless-Steel Chemical Storage Tanks Fasteners And Gaskets – A Case Study

Product Number: 51322-18105-SG
Author: A/Rahman Al-Ghamdi, Yousef Bahbahani, Manickavasagan Sabesan, Tariq Kamshad, Salem Al-Qahtani, Bakheet Al-Yami
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

The Joint Operation (J.O) Wafra Oilfield is in the west central part of the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. The Wafra oilfield produces light and heavy oil and export it to its various customers after processing. Upstream field consists of various Sub Centres where crude, oil and water being separated, and the separated crude transported to the main gathering centre for further processing in two different trains. The produced water being disposed/injected via water disposal & injection facilities after treatment. 
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Hardness And Nickel-Based Alloys

Product Number: 51323-18806-SG
Author: Robert Badrak, Julia Botinha, John Groth, Helena Alves
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

This paper addresses the relationship between hardness and environmental cracking resistance in nickel base alloys. The work here builds on the presentation made to AMPP’s SC08 Fall 2021 meeting on October 19th.
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Performance of Thermal Spray Coatings in Phase Change Materials (PCMs) used in Geothermal Plants

Product Number: 51323-18862-SG
Author: Shiladitya Paul, Catherine Leahy
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Geothermal energy has been an integral part of the renewable energy mix for several decades. The total installed geothermal power generation capacity by the end of 2021 was 15,854 MW. Despite the challenges imposed by the pandemic, new capability was developed, and capacity was added in several countries. The capacity was increased by 246 MW from the figure in 2020.4
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