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51314-3877-D-Amino Acids Enhanced Biocide Mitigation of Problematic Biofilms

Picture for D-Amino Acids Enhanced Biocide Mitigation of Problematic Biofilms
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Product Number: 51314-3877-SG
ISBN: 3877 2014 CP
Author: Tingyue Gu
Publication Date: 2014
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Biofilms cause biofouling and biocorrosion. All bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan molecules with peptide stems consisting of four alternating L- and D-amino acids. The peptide stems all have a D-alanine terminus. It has been hypothesized that replacing the D-alanine terminus with another D-amino acid sends a biofilm dispersal signal. Several recent journal papers presented experimental data showing that D-tyrosine D-tryptophan D-methionine and D-leucine at low concentrations are capable of dispersing several bacterial biofilms. It is well known that sessile cells in biofilms are far more difficult to mitigate than planktonic cells because biofilms have various defense mechanisms. Usually ten times or higher biocide concentrations are required to treat biofilms compared with planktonic cells. Converting sessile cells to planktonic cells is desirable in biofilm mitigation. This work presents experimental data showing that some D-amino acids other than the aforementioned ones can also considerably enhance biocide treatment of biofilms including biofilms of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The experimental data using two different biocides also confirm that for tough biofilms a biocide stress is required for recalcitrant SRB biofilm dispersal by D-amino acids.
Biofilms cause biofouling and biocorrosion. All bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan molecules with peptide stems consisting of four alternating L- and D-amino acids. The peptide stems all have a D-alanine terminus. It has been hypothesized that replacing the D-alanine terminus with another D-amino acid sends a biofilm dispersal signal. Several recent journal papers presented experimental data showing that D-tyrosine D-tryptophan D-methionine and D-leucine at low concentrations are capable of dispersing several bacterial biofilms. It is well known that sessile cells in biofilms are far more difficult to mitigate than planktonic cells because biofilms have various defense mechanisms. Usually ten times or higher biocide concentrations are required to treat biofilms compared with planktonic cells. Converting sessile cells to planktonic cells is desirable in biofilm mitigation. This work presents experimental data showing that some D-amino acids other than the aforementioned ones can also considerably enhance biocide treatment of biofilms including biofilms of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The experimental data using two different biocides also confirm that for tough biofilms a biocide stress is required for recalcitrant SRB biofilm dispersal by D-amino acids.
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