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EWPD of Saudi Aramco is the custodian of five large volume crude oil storage tanks with diameter of 106 m (348’) and 110 m (360’), where the crude oil is stored and transported from eastern region to western region. The tank which is being addressed in this paper is an API1 650 with floating roof. Its capacity is 1,013,000 barrels and its diameter is 110 m. This tank was built in 1978 on an oily sand pad and reinforced concrete ring wall. The inboard and sketch plates are 6.35 mm thick, and annular plates are 16 mm thick
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Water, steam, and waterjetting have long been used in the conservation of historic artifacts and structures such as the R.M.S. Titanic and the Saturn V Rocket at Johnson Space Center. Integral to the conservation is the removal of loose material, reduction in salts and corrosion, retention of coatings and desirable patina, and repair of damaged areas.
The corrosive fluids transportation inside carbon steel pipelines is critical due to internal corrosion. To avoid failures barrier corrosion protection techniques are applied by insulating the inner metal wall of the pipe. However when the tubes are welded together the inner coating is damaged by the heat generated during the welding process. As a result the ends of the tubes are uncoated and consequently subjected to corrosion. There are solutions to this problem but all have some kind of inconvenience either by the cost of implementation or the difficulty of application. This work aims to present the results of the tests of the application of an alternative technique: zinc thermally sprayed as sacrificial anode for internal protection of welded joints.
Application and curing dynamics of paints are rarely quantified over a wide range of varying climactic conditions; yet this information is critical to the final performance of the coating. There is a growing need among raw material suppliers, formulators, and applicators to better understand the performance of products under the extreme humidity and temperature conditions experienced during application.
Although computational methods have been separately developed to predict corrosion and fatigue crack growth rates for metallic structures, challenges remain in implementing a methodology that considers the combined effects. In this work the output from a galvanic model is used to determine the spatial distribution of corrosion damage; providing a guide for the location of discrete corrosion damage features that can be analyzed using stress fields from structural models. In order to build confidence in this approach the galvanic models are validated by comparing predicted results to surface damage measurements from test specimens subject to ambient atmospheric exposure. There was good comparison between the predicted spatial distribution of corrosion damage and the measured surface damage profiles obtained from the galvanic test specimens. Following this exercise novel computational corrosion damage features were developed to represent simplified cracks shapes emanating from corrosion pits. Stress intensity factors (SIF) for these newly developed hybrid pit-crack features were determined and these solutions compared to cases where the pit is assumed to be an equivalent crack. The impact of the local, cavity induced stress field, on the SIF solutions is discussed. Building on these findings a fatigue crack growth simulation was performed using an initial flaw emanating from a hemispherical cavity (corrosion pit) located at the edge of hole in a plate. A reasonable comparison, of the predicted number of crack growth cycles, to available experimental test results was achieved.
Protecting and maintaining assets in highly corrosive environments has been a challenge for centuries. Assets that require precision coating removal around compromised structures require a precision tool that does not impact the structure leading to failure. Removal of any metal or damage to surfaces must be avoided in these scenarios, which disqualifies highly abrasive removal methods such as blast cleaning, needle-gunning, and water-jetting.
The use of temporary climate control on a steel tank re-line has now become a regular practice within the coatings industry to help one avoid unplanned delays or issues on a project. This paper will discuss the issue from three perspectives: the coatings contractor, the tank owner and the inspector. It will explore the concept of using a temporary climate control systems on a tank re-line project in general, review how each segment would benefit from utilizing such a system and finally discuss the overall impact that a temporary climate control system will have on their projects.
Cathodic Protection (CP), when properly applied, is an effective technique to minimize the natural corrosion process that occurs on pipelines, tanks, and other buried steel structures. To maintain effective CP coverage with minimal current demand, the structure must be well-isolated from earth for DC current flow. This is commonly accomplished using high resistance coatings, isolation joints, dielectric fittings and isolation pads.
Moisture is a key component of concrete. It is critical to the curing and strengthening process of the product. It is however the use or misuse of this critical component that may cause expensive and unavoidable problems over the life of the floor
NACE TM0177 Method B is a standard method for evaluating stress-corrosion cracking resistance. Here, Digital Image Correlation determined strain distributions over the surface of bend samples made from corrosion-resistant alloys.
A review of galvanized steel and painted galvanized steel processes is provided, as well as the fundamentals and requirements for painted galvanized steel products. The corrosion processes found with both galvanized steel and painted galvanized steels are discussed.