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Comparison of Corrosion Scales on X65 Carbon Steel in a Pure NaCl Solution and a Complex Brine at Elevated Temperatures and CO2 Partial Pressures

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This study investigates the contrasting characteristics of corrosion products/scales and corrosion behavior of X65 carbon steel when exposed to pure NaCl solutions compared to a complex brine solution at elevated temperatures and CO2 partial pressures. The focus of the experiments are directed towards the temperature range of 90-250°C and CO2 partial pressures of 1-20 bar. The corrosion scale morphology and chemistry are identified through a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Energy-Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The general and localized corrosion behavior is determined using gravimetric analysis and surface profilometry measurements respectively. The results indicate that Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions influence the formation of surface deposits significantly and this has a dramatic effect on their resistance to both general and localized corrosion. The surface characterisation methods employed indicated that the surface deposits comprised of iron carbonate (FeCO3) when the samples were exposed to pure NaCl solution below 150oC. However a complex mixture of Ca Mg and Fe-containing deposits were detected on the surface in complex brine solution below this temperature which are investigated in detail within this paper. Magnetite (Fe3O4) was shown to develop as an initial layer in both brines in conjunction with the other surface deposits beyond 150°C. The implications of the formation of such corrosion products and their relation to general and localized corrosion are discussed.

Product Number: 51319-12937-SG
Author: Yong Hua
Publication Date: 2019
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Picture for Effect of corrosion products evolution/transformation on the localised/pitting corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in sour environment
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Effect of corrosion products evolution/transformation on the localised/pitting corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in sour environment

Product Number: 51319-12943-SG
Author: Frederick Pessu
Publication Date: 2019
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Carbon steel remain the most commonly used material in most oilfield applications. The susceptibility of carbon steel to various forms of corrosion is one of the major drawbacks to its remarkable economic and metallurgical advantages. Localized and/or pitting corrosion carbon steel used in oilfields is one aspect of its limitation that is very common and yet most unpredictable and difficult to mitigate against. The nature of the environment is also a key contributor to the evolution of localized and/or pitting corrosion especially in complex oilfield environment containing both H2S CO2 and other acid gases. The presence of H2S in a corrosion environment often introduces some complexities to the localized and/or pitting corrosion behaviour of exposed carbon steel materials. As a protection against uniform corrosion iron sulphide has been shown to form and has received much attention in the scientific literature. The evolution of iron sulphides (stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric) during the corrosion process of carbon steel is still not fully understood. This makes the already difficult challenge of predicting pitting/localized corrosion of carbon steel more complex and challenging especially since the electronic (and so conducting properties of iron sulphides) can mean that anodic/cathodic reactions can be supported on what are corrosion products or deposits on the corroding surface. This work focuses on understanding FeS formation evolution; dissolution and/or transformation using a combination of different electrochemical responses such as Linear and Tafel Polarization combined with post-experiment surface analysis such as XRD and SEM. It builds on and complements the large literature in this area. The study is carried out in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution saturated with two different sour corrosion systems; H2S-CO2 and H2S-N2 at 80°C and for up to 21 days. The relationship between the processes of FeS formation evolution; dissolution and/or transformation and the evolution of localized and/pitting corrosion is also established. Pitting and/localized corrosion characterization is achieved using 3D surface profilometry which allows characterisation of discrete pit parameters such as depth diameter etc.
Picture for 02237 A MECHANISTIC MODEL OF IRON CARBONATE...
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02237 A MECHANISTIC MODEL OF IRON CARBONATE FILM GROWTH AND THE EFFECT ON CO2 CORROSION OF MILD STEEL

Product Number: 51300-02237-SG
ISBN: 02237 2002 CP
Author: Srdjan Nesic, Kun-Lin John Lee, and Vukan Ruzic
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Picture for 02281 CO2 Corrosion in Wet Gas Pipelines...
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02281 CO2 Corrosion in Wet Gas Pipelines at Elevated Temperature

Product Number: 51300-02281-SG
ISBN: 022812002 CP
Author: Yuhua Sun, Tao Hong, and Christoph Bosch
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