51316-7671-Comparative Hydrothermal Stability of Biocides used in the Oil and Gas Industry

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Product Number: 51316-7671-SG

ISBN: 7671 2016 CP

Author: Christy Wentworth

Publication Date: 2016

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There are two major groups of biocides used in the oil and gas industry to prevent souring formation plugging and microbiologically influenced corrosion: oxidizers and non-oxidizers. Oxidizing biocides include chlorine and bromine based biocides ozone and peracetic acid among others. Non-oxidizing biocides can be further categorized into three sub-groups: membrane active (quaternary ammonium and tetraalkyl phosphonium based) fast reactive (glutaraldehyde dibromo nitrilopropionamide and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulphate) and slow reactive or preservative-type biocides (dimethyl oxazolidine tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane and chloroallyl triaza azoniaadamantane chloride). The recent trend toward drilling environments at higher temperature and pressure is placing greater demands on the properties and performance of these biocides. In addition depending on the type of fracturing fluids being used there can be large differences in pH from lower pHs in slickwater fluids to higher pHs in crosslink gel fluids that can place even more demand on biocides. Determining how biocides will behave in these high temperature and broad range pH environments is important to maintaining a clean high producing well. This paper presents the results of hydrothermal stability and performance testing for the three non-oxidizing biocide groups separately and in combination under varying pH and temperature conditions. Results indicate that the membrane active biocides showed the best overall stability while the fast reactive biocides were the least stable overall. The preservative-type biocides were affected to a greater degree by pH than temperature. Combinations of fast reactive with either membrane active or preservative-type biocides showed greater stability. In terms of speed of biocidal activity and long-term biocidal activity stability either combination or membrane actives biocides were the most effective.