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This paper describes the development of a formal corrosion inspection and condition assessment program to support corrosion and asset management planning for maritime structures at Port Houston. A hierarchical, elemental-based inspection approach was developed using visual inspection criteria and prescribed measurements to characterize the condition of coatings and cathodic protection systems for above- and underwater elements in maritime structures.
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Exterior surface coatings and cathodic protection in nuclear power plant structures, systems, and components during construction & maintenance. Selection and evaluation of these systems. E-BOOK
Dubai Petroleum (the Operator) operates five offshore oil fields in the Emirate of Dubai (Fateh, South West Fateh, Falah, Jallilah and Rashid), in addition to various onshore gas production, storage, distribution and import facilities, and LNG import facilities. The assets within these offshore fields consist of approximately 80 platforms of various sizes, comprising central bridge linked processing facilities in Fateh and South West Fateh, and outlying normally unmanned wellhead production platforms. These platforms are linked by a network of over 150 subsea pipelines, of which over 30 are presently operational sea water injection pipelines.
Slurry pipeline systems are used for the extraction of bitumen from mined ore in the oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada. Most of these extraction processes are open to atmosphere resulting in significant air ingress and entrainment within the slurry pipelines used to transport mined ore and tailings. In addition, for short hydrotransport slurry pipelines, the slurry is conditioned by air to create bubbles coated with a bitumen film called “air-sacks”.
Corrosion continues to be a threat to the petroleum industry. It risks people’s lives, the environment, and assets integrity, in addition to the financial losses. In fact, the annual global cost of corrosion was estimated in 2013 to be around US$2.5 trillion (3.2% of 2013 global GDP). Of this amount, approximately 15-35% (i.e. US$375 to US$875 billion annually) can be avoided through proper corrosion control management and advanced mitigation technologies
Carbon steel (CS) material is widely used for the equipment in oil and gas production industry due to its mechanical properties associated with a relatively low cost, compared to other materials. Depending on the corrosiveness of the fluid that is vehiculated, the use of carbon steel is generally associated with the injection of a corrosion inhibitor (CI) in order to mitigate internal corrosion. Corrosion inhibitors are generally used in continuous injection at an injection rate that is depending on the corrosiveness of the fluid. Based on the operational feedback, the internal standards are recommending for multiphase pipelines CI injection rates in the range of 50 - 70 ppm for temperature below 80°C of and of 150 to 200ppm for temperatures above 100°C. These injection dosages are typical values that are considered in the laboratory tests for the qualification of the CI and they are adjusted on-site based on the monitoring results.
M. B. Kermani pointed out that 25% of equipment failures in the oil and gas industry are caused by corrosion, and more than half of corrosion events are related to produced fluids containing CO2 and H2S. In recent years, the exploitation of sour oil and gas fields (containing H2S or H2S/CO2 mixture) has become more and more common, and prominent problems such as tubing ruptures caused by pitting and uniform corrosion have appeared. In oil fields containing CO2 and H2S, local corrosion is a key factor restricting the selection of tubing and casing materials. In an oilfield containing CO2 and H2S in the Middle East, the authors corroded coupons on site, and carried out indoor simulation experiments for the problems found in the field test. The authors systematically studied 13Cr, S13Cr, 22Cr, 25Cr and 2550 in the presence of H2S, CO2 and high mineralization.
The exploration and development of oil and gas resources towards the direction of ultra-deep, low permeability, and unconventional in China. In addition, some oil and gas fields have developed into the middle or late stage, the application of various EOR technologies, such as acid fracturing, CO2 flooding, air foam flooding and polymer flooding, resulting in the service environment of oil and gas gathering pipelines becoming more and more complex and harsh, such as high temperature, high pressure, high H2S/CO2, Cl- and bacteria, corrosion failures became one of the biggest challenges of oil and gas gathering pipelines.
Corrosion exists in the whole process of oil exploitation. Pipeline failure caused by corrosion can cause serious economic losses and Security incidents. Due to corrosion factors such as ions and bacteria introduced by sewage, the service environment of the sewage transmission pipeline between the sewage station and the water injection pressurization station studied in this paper becomes more serious[1]. Pipeline corrosion prevention becomes more challenging.
Carbon nanotubes are well-known for their ability to improve critical properties of polymeric materials. Our research objective is to quantify the influence of incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified with amine, hydroxyl, or epoxy functionalities on the corrosion performance of epoxy amine coatings on steel substrates.
Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys are vitally important materials in chemical processing, petrochemical, agrichemical and pharmaceutical industries. When aggressive process streams are involved, corrosion-resistant alloys are selected for applications such as heat exchangers, reactors, pressure vessels and/or other process equipment in various industry sectors.1 The Ni-Mo alloys provide excellent resistance to reducing hydrochloric and sulfuric acids over large ranges of concentration and temperature. They also resist pure hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid and other non-oxidizing halide salt solutions.
Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels, commonly known as duplex stainless steels (DSSs), are a group of materials typically consisting of equal amounts austenite and ferrite. DSSs are well-known materials in chemical industry and are often a cost-effective alternative as they combine high mechanical strength and fatigue resistance with good corrosion properties. Contributing to the cost-effectiveness is the low nickel content compared to austenitic stainless steels. Advantages with DSSs are high chloride stress corrosion cracking resistance (SCC), where austenitic steels with moderate nickel content are inherently more sensitive. In combinations with carbon steel it can be a benefit to use DSSs since carbon steel and DSSs have matching thermal expansion.