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51318-10899-Case Histories of Low Alloy Steel Used for Completion Tools in High-H2S and -CO2 Environments

Picture for Case Histories of Low Alloy Steel Used for Completion Tools in High-H2S and -CO2 Environments
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This paper discusses two case histories in which 41XX low-alloy steel, quenched and tempered to 22 HRC maximum hardness, was used in longer-term downhole completion tools.

Product Number: 51318-10899-SG
Author: Karthik Krishnan
Publication Date: 2018
Industry: Oil and Gas Production
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Low-alloy steels with less than 1% nickel content and having 22 HRC (Hardness Rockwell C) maximum hardness can be used for sour (H2S) service at any temperature in all regions, as per NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 guidelines.1 They provide resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and therefore can be used in downhole completion tools for many oil- and gas-producing environments. However, low-alloy steels can experience general and localized corrosion during medium- to longer-term use in production environments. The corrosion rate is dependent on multiple factors, such as H2S partial pressure, CO2 partial pressure, temperature, in-situ pH, etc. One derived factor that can significantly influence the corrosion rate is the H2S/CO2 ratio. This paper discusses two case histories in which 41XX low-alloy steel, quenched and tempered to 22 HRC maximum hardness, was used in longer-term downhole completion tools. The first case discusses a packer assembly installed near the bottom hole that provided 14 years of good long-term service in an oil- producing environment having high-H2S and -CO2 conditions. The second case discusses a plug assembly installed in a flow control device near the surface during shut-in of a gas well having high-H2S and -CO2 conditions, where the components experienced pitting type corrosion after 18 months of service.

Keywords: Low alloy steel, H2S/CO2 ratio, Case history, Completion tools, NACE MR0175/ISO 15156

Low-alloy steels with less than 1% nickel content and having 22 HRC (Hardness Rockwell C) maximum hardness can be used for sour (H2S) service at any temperature in all regions, as per NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 guidelines.1 They provide resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and therefore can be used in downhole completion tools for many oil- and gas-producing environments. However, low-alloy steels can experience general and localized corrosion during medium- to longer-term use in production environments. The corrosion rate is dependent on multiple factors, such as H2S partial pressure, CO2 partial pressure, temperature, in-situ pH, etc. One derived factor that can significantly influence the corrosion rate is the H2S/CO2 ratio. This paper discusses two case histories in which 41XX low-alloy steel, quenched and tempered to 22 HRC maximum hardness, was used in longer-term downhole completion tools. The first case discusses a packer assembly installed near the bottom hole that provided 14 years of good long-term service in an oil- producing environment having high-H2S and -CO2 conditions. The second case discusses a plug assembly installed in a flow control device near the surface during shut-in of a gas well having high-H2S and -CO2 conditions, where the components experienced pitting type corrosion after 18 months of service.

Keywords: Low alloy steel, H2S/CO2 ratio, Case history, Completion tools, NACE MR0175/ISO 15156

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51318-10895-The pitting corrosion behavior of carbon steel in presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria under H2S

Product Number: 51318-10895-SG
Author: Ma Lei / Xie Junfeng / Xiong MaoXian / Li Yan / Zhao Mifeng / Wang Hua
Publication Date: 2018
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Corrosion behaviors on carbon steel - in presence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) - were studied via weight loss methods and electrochemical tests including polarization curve and EIS measurements.
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51318-10873-Influence of temperature and pH on SCC assisted by H2S susceptibility of 22%Cr duplex

Product Number: 51318-10873-SG
Author: Fiona Ruel / Saghi Saedlou / Christophe Mendibide
Publication Date: 2018
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The susceptibility of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) assisted by H2S according temperature and pH. In a second phase, links are highlighted between the differences of cracking resistance and localized corrosion morphologies.
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51318-10884-Studies of Aqueous Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion in Producing SAGD Wells

Product Number: 51318-10884-SG
Author: Trent Pehlke
Publication Date: 2018
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Lab and field corrosion testing was completed on materials commonly used downhole in Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) to evaluate general corrosion rates, how they vary with well depth - as well as operating environment - to determine a dominating mechanism.
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