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Biocorrosion causes huge economic losses to the oil and gas industry.
Biocorrosion causes huge economic losses to the oil and gas industry. Microbes such as sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRBs), acid-producing bacteria (APBs), methanogens, iron-reducing bacteria (IRBs), sulphate-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are the critical drivers of souring, biofouling, clogging, pitting and bio filming. The use of seawater and wastewater for enhanced oil recovery further exacerbates biocorrosion. This increased biocorrosion is primarily observed in injection wells using the wastewater-seawater. Significant concentrations of biocides are injected to address this. These biocides eventually impose selective pressure on the inherent microbial community and result in the development of resistance against the active compounds. Hence never resulting in total clearance of microbes. Lower biocide efficacy is widely observed in oil and gas industries; however, this is seldomly studied. Molecular approaches are likely to play a significant role in identifying genes conferring biocide resistance and the genetic elements involved in their transfer across other microbial communities.
In the recent years, Horizontal Directional Drilling - HDD - became a real improvement for pipeline construction when crossing obstacles such as rivers, roads or railways. For the corrosion protection of the carbon steel pipeline, a protective coating is associated with cathodic protection. But for trenchless techniques, the coating shall withstand the stresses from the installation. Several standards are used to specify corrosion protection coatings for buried pipelines but those documents do not cover the specific conditions of an HDD.
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Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) is a very common active ingredient in oil and gas biocides. While product labels provide broad guidelines application dosing the lowest effective dose of THPS is difficult to determine. Site water chemistry and bacteria biology variability will affect the dose need to achieve the desired level of bacteria population control. For these reasons biocide dose response studies are commonly conducted on solutions containing bacteria to determine the effect of treatments before application.
For many years coatings based on methyl/phenyl silicone resins have proven to be one of the most effective and reliable products within the high heat and protective coatings segments. Their inorganic characters along with the methyl/phenyl modification provide outstanding long term thermal stability, attractive corrosion protection, weather resistance and good mechanical properties. In general, silicone resins for high heat applications can be categorized into two sub-groups: i) oven curing and ii) ambient temperature curing systems.In the case of typical oven cured silicone