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In the mid-1990s, the US Navy’s technical community, led by Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), recognized existing coatings used to protect the inside of ships’ tanks were failing on average 5-8 years after application. The high cost to blast and recoat over 11,000 tanks every 5-8 years, not counting submarines and aircraft carriers, was prohibitive. To address this issue, the Navy conducted a study to analyze the problem and decided to replace these legacy coatings with high solid epoxy coatings.1
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Canada's oil sands are the third largest deposit of crude oil in the world, and consist of a mixture of sand, water, and bitumen. Due to an aggressive operating environment that includes abrasive sands and corrosive chemicals, oil sands equipment and process piping often experience severe wear and erosion-corrosion, which can lead to the risk of equipment failures, plant downtime or, even worse, environmental leaks [1]. For more than half a century, oil sands producers have collaborated with materials suppliers, equipment fabricators, and technology providers to develop wear technologies to reduce downtime and improve operational reliability.
While performing cathodic protection surveys, carrier pipe and casing potential readings are typically recorded at the same test station location near the end of a casing. Comparing these potentials should reveal a difference between the cathodically protected pipe versus an unprotected and electrically isolated casing. The difference in potentials is one of available tests to determine whether a casing may be electrically shorted to the carrier pipe. The pipe-to-electrolyte and casing-to-electrolyte potential comparison is usually the initial “screening” method.
Compilation of conference papers presented at the AMPP Annual Conference + Expo 2024 in New Orleans, LA, USA.
Papers will be available for download on March 3, 2024.
Oil field operating company’s (1) flowline network in North and West Kuwait (NWK) has over 3000 wells connected through 6” carbon steel pipelines flowing from wellhead to the nearest Gathering Center (GC). Untreated wet crude is transported through the flowlines to GC’s directly or passing through the Remote Headers and Manifold (RHM) to GCs. In RHM, mixing of the wet crude takes place before it is sent to GC’s via transfer lines for further separation. The flowlines are laid aboveground except at road crossings where they are buried.
A remarkable amount of financial loss is incurred every year because of premature failures of paints and coatings. The budget to repair such failures extremely outweighs the initial cost of coatings, since excessive engineering may be looked-for to access the deteriorating areas of a coating system. Additional accountability may also be anticipated if a facility stops operation for the essential repairs to be made.
AC interference analyses are an important part of designing an adequate cathodic protection system on a pipeline when collocations with high voltage powerline(s) occur. Modeling software has been developed to create accurate simulations of what is occurring in the real world to create the best mitigation designs for operators. Many of these studies are proposed due to pipeline replacements that update pipelines from coatings with coal tar to fusion bonded epoxy (FBE).
Caustic corrosion is sometimes referred to as “caustic attack or “caustic gouging.” Corrosion of this type may result from internally fouled heat transfer surfaces and the presence of sodium hydroxide in the boiler water; and concentrated solutions of alkali where the normal washing of the tube metal ID is restricted after Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB), i.e., when the steam bubble release exceeds the rinsing rate.