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A Review Of Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking Factors For Austenitic Stainless Steel

This paper will identify and document how these different factors affect the susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel to Chloride-Stress Corrosion cracking based on a review of currently available literature. A review of current industry best practices and a review of how the Oxygen content, the pH and application of stress relief affects Chloride-Stress Corrosion Cracking will be documented and presented.

Product Number: 51322-17524-SG
Author: Sangeetha Rao
Publication Date: 2022
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Chloride-Stress Corrosion Cracking (ClSCC) of austenitic stainless steels has been one of the biggest challenges in the refining industry and one of the main reasons where upgrading to stainless steel may not be the miracle solution for battling corrosion problems. Even with all that is known about this mechanism, the industry still faces failures, mainly because chlorides show up when they are not expected and accounted for, leading to economic or worse, catastrophic failures.

Factors affecting ClSCC like pH, operating temperature and chloride ion concentration are considered in API 581 to designate a Severity Index. Other factors like the number of inspections, the effectiveness of the inspections and time since the last effective inspection etc. are considered to determine the Damage Factor. However, factors like presence of oxygen, effects of extreme pH and temperatures or stress relieving are not considered. A proposed Risk Assessment Tool using a new factor “susceptibility modifier” to API RP 581 Task Group was presented in November 2016 and has been incorporated in the newly released API 581 – Addendum 2 in October 2020.1

Chloride-Stress Corrosion Cracking (ClSCC) of austenitic stainless steels has been one of the biggest challenges in the refining industry and one of the main reasons where upgrading to stainless steel may not be the miracle solution for battling corrosion problems. Even with all that is known about this mechanism, the industry still faces failures, mainly because chlorides show up when they are not expected and accounted for, leading to economic or worse, catastrophic failures.

Factors affecting ClSCC like pH, operating temperature and chloride ion concentration are considered in API 581 to designate a Severity Index. Other factors like the number of inspections, the effectiveness of the inspections and time since the last effective inspection etc. are considered to determine the Damage Factor. However, factors like presence of oxygen, effects of extreme pH and temperatures or stress relieving are not considered. A proposed Risk Assessment Tool using a new factor “susceptibility modifier” to API RP 581 Task Group was presented in November 2016 and has been incorporated in the newly released API 581 – Addendum 2 in October 2020.1

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