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A Novel Method for the Enhanced Kill of Sulfate Reducing Microorganisms

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Hydrogen sulfide gas produced by sulfate reducing microorganisms (SRM) creates significant challenges in the petroleum industry including corrosion concerns, product devaluation, and significant health risks. Biocides and inhibitors are often employed to control these detrimental activities. Recently, co-injection of a synergistic blend of biocides and the SRM inhibitor, nitrite, was proposed as an effective means to control biogenic sulfide production, however, the method only addressed inhibition of SRM activity and not kill. Inhibition can have the undesirable consequence of allowing SRM to resume full activity once the inhibitor is depleted, thus requiring the continuous input of expensive chemicals to maintain control. On the other hand, biocides are designed to reduce SRM concentrations thus reducing the need to add additional chemical until the SRM population re-establishes. Lab results, using an SRM field enrichment, demonstrated that the sequential injection of nitrite inhibitor followed by glutaraldehyde led to an 8-log reduction in SRM while only a 2-log reduction when co-injecting these chemicals at equivalent concentrations. It is proposed that pretreatment with the inhibitor, nitrite, or other respiratory inhibitor, results in a reduction in cellular ATP of the SRM creating a sublethal stress response allowing for their enhanced kill upon subsequent biocide addition. 

Product Number: 51320-14412-SG
Author: Gary E. Jenneman
Publication Date: 2020
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Picture for 51393-069-Prediction of CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel
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51393-069-Prediction of CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel

Product Number: 51393-069-SG
Author: C. de Waard, U.Lotz
Publication Date: 1993
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Various aspects of the mechanism of C02 corrosion are reviewed, together with a discussion about the validity of a number of simplifications which can be used with models for predicting the corrosion rate. A "worst case" rate can often be predicted. To this end a number of parameters has been identified, the

influence of which has to be accounted for. The effects of protective corrosion product layers and of dissolved corrosion product on pH needs to be included in the prediction. More quantitative information about the effect of flowpattern and flowrate is needed. For wet gas pipelines, the prediction of the effect of injection of glycol as a measure against corrosion is of special interest. Predictive models consisting of a system of rules and equations can be conveniently developed in computer spreadsheets.

 
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A New System of Corrosion Flow Loops and Some Experimental Results

Product Number: 51320-14435-SG
Author: Zhu Jin-yang, Jin Ying, Wen Lei, Xue Yan-peng, Honda Hiroshi
Publication Date: 2020
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The control of multiphase flow corrosion in oil and gas industry is one of the biggest challenging tasks. Since the 1990s, several organizations have established and operated large-scale flow loops to simulate and reproduce the field service environment of oil and gas pipelines. Based on comparison and investigation of the above loops, a new and advanced system, including several four inches internal diameter loops for studying corrosion under multiphase flows, was successfully built by us. By using this system, multiphase flows with various combinations of gas, water, oil and sand can be realized at the highest temperature of 140 oC and the highest pressure of 10 Mpa. Moreover, some loops in this system can adjust pipeline at different angels from 0 to 90°, which allow horizontal/vertical/sloping conditions to be simulated in laboratory. Many advanced measuring and monitoring technologies, such as Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), high speed video camera and LPR/ER probe, are employed for simultaneously recording flow events and corrosion rates. An inhouse plane three-electrode probe is employed for conducting in situ electrochemical measurements. Such technologies would allow deep researching of corrosion behaviors and mechanisms in multiphase flow environments. Moreover, a new software based on Fluent and the existing multiphase corrosion models was developed to realize the numerical simulation of multiphase flow in loop. 
Picture for 84169-Corrosion related failures in feedwater heaters
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84169-Corrosion related failures in feedwater heaters

Product Number: 84169-SG
Publication Date: 1984
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