Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate (PAPEMP) is very effective in preventing calcium carbonate precipitation at high supersaturation and high pH. The inhibition of calcium carbonate crystallization in the presence of PAPEMP at both low and high supersaturation was studied and then compared to the inhibitory ability of hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP).
Keywords: calcium carbonate inhibition, crystallization kinetics, phosphonates, affinity constants, calcium tolerance.