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11089 Black Powder Movement in Gas Pipelines

Picture for 11089 Black Powder Movement in Gas Pipelines
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Product Number: 51300-11089-SG
ISBN: 11089 2011 CP
Author: John S. Smart
Publication Date: 2011
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Black powder, a mix of iron sulfides, oxides, and other material can represent a serious threat to the integrity of pipelines by plugging pipelines, eroding compressor components, plugging instrumentation and pipeline drips, preventing valid in-line inspection by In-Line Inspection (ILI) pigs, and causing damage to customer equipment. However, black powder may not be a problem until it starts to move due to fluid velocity. The velocity to cause movement of dry black powder in pipelines is presented for black powder in gas pipelines. Once black powder starts to move, it will continue to move until the flow rate is reduced or the gas is compressed. Examples of black powder problems in the field are presented. Movement of dry black powder can be partially controlled by using corrosion inhibitors, while powder wet with compressor oil requires higher velocities.

KEY WORDS: Black Powder, Iron Sulfide, Iron Carbonate, Iron Oxide, pipelines, gas pipelines, flow velocity, erosion-corrosion, pigging, cleaning
Black powder, a mix of iron sulfides, oxides, and other material can represent a serious threat to the integrity of pipelines by plugging pipelines, eroding compressor components, plugging instrumentation and pipeline drips, preventing valid in-line inspection by In-Line Inspection (ILI) pigs, and causing damage to customer equipment. However, black powder may not be a problem until it starts to move due to fluid velocity. The velocity to cause movement of dry black powder in pipelines is presented for black powder in gas pipelines. Once black powder starts to move, it will continue to move until the flow rate is reduced or the gas is compressed. Examples of black powder problems in the field are presented. Movement of dry black powder can be partially controlled by using corrosion inhibitors, while powder wet with compressor oil requires higher velocities.

KEY WORDS: Black Powder, Iron Sulfide, Iron Carbonate, Iron Oxide, pipelines, gas pipelines, flow velocity, erosion-corrosion, pigging, cleaning
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