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08496 The Effect of Metallurgical Factors on SSC of High Strength PIpeline Steel

Picture for 08496 The Effect of Metallurgical Factors on SSC of High Strength PIpeline Steel
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Product Number: 51300-08496-SG
ISBN: 08495 2008 CP
Author: Wan Keun Kim, Kyoo Young Kim, Tae Won Yun, and Boo Young Yang
Publication Date: 2008
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$20.00
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Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) is a kind of hydrogen related problem of pipeline steels for transportation of crude oil and natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide. To improve SSC resistance, the various techniques during steel making processes are required such as: addition of proper alloying elements, microstructure control, high cleanness and Ca treatment. However, the effect of metallurgical factors on SSC is not clearly understood in a lot of reports for improvement of SSC resistance. In this study, SSC resistance of three high strength steel plates with different microstructures was evaluated by using NACE TM0177A method. Failure behavior of SSC was investigated by observing fractured surfaces using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SSC property was discussed in terms of metallurgical parameters such as: primary microstructure, second phases and inclusions. Results showed that in the case of steels having the same oxide inclusion level, the hard microstructure is more resistant than the soft microstructure to SSC. SSC fracture mode is the type I SSC. Cracks parallel and perpendicular to the loading axis were primarily related with inclusions including Al, Ca and oxide. In particular, TiNb(C,N) with size over 2 µm as a large precipitate acted as nucleation sites of cracks perpendicular to the loading axis and it increased SSC sensitivity.
Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) is a kind of hydrogen related problem of pipeline steels for transportation of crude oil and natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide. To improve SSC resistance, the various techniques during steel making processes are required such as: addition of proper alloying elements, microstructure control, high cleanness and Ca treatment. However, the effect of metallurgical factors on SSC is not clearly understood in a lot of reports for improvement of SSC resistance. In this study, SSC resistance of three high strength steel plates with different microstructures was evaluated by using NACE TM0177A method. Failure behavior of SSC was investigated by observing fractured surfaces using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SSC property was discussed in terms of metallurgical parameters such as: primary microstructure, second phases and inclusions. Results showed that in the case of steels having the same oxide inclusion level, the hard microstructure is more resistant than the soft microstructure to SSC. SSC fracture mode is the type I SSC. Cracks parallel and perpendicular to the loading axis were primarily related with inclusions including Al, Ca and oxide. In particular, TiNb(C,N) with size over 2 µm as a large precipitate acted as nucleation sites of cracks perpendicular to the loading axis and it increased SSC sensitivity.
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Sulfide Stress Cracking Test of TMCP Pipeline Steels in NACE MR0175 Region 3 Conditions

Product Number: 51320-14446-SG
Author: Xin Yue, Weiji Huang, Andrew J. Wasson, Jamey A. Fenske, Timothy D. Anderson, Brian D. Newbury, Doug P. Fairchild
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Steel pipelines are sometimes subjected to demanding sour environments resulting from the presence of high H2S contents. Pipeline materials, therefore, must be resilient against sulfide stress cracking (SSC) which is caused by H2S. Beginning in the 1980s, thermo-mechanically controlled processed (TMCP) steels have been widely used for the manufacturing of large-diameter sour service pipelines. The failure of the Kashagan pipelines in 2013 raised concern regarding the use of TMCP steels in sour environments. These concerns arise from the potential for local hard zones (LHZs) to be produced on the surface of the line pipe during TMCP processes, ultimately leading to through-wall SSC failures. In the present study, several X60 - X65 TMCP steels (both with and without LHZs) have been tested under different Region 3 (R3) conditions in the NACE MR0175/ISO15156-2 pH-H2S partial pressure diagram. It can be concluded that the presence of LHZs increases TMCP steels’ sour cracking susceptibility; however, TMCP steels without LHZs pass the SSC tests at even the most severe R3 environments. Traditional HRC or HV10 testing are not able to detect LHZs, and so lower load HV 0.5 or HV 0.1 tests are necessary. For TMCP steels, the current R3 may be further divided into R3-a and R3-b sub-regions. The sour cracking severity of R3-a is less than that of R3-b. Additional actions, like enhanced mill qualification of the TMCP plate, should be considered to ensure that no LHZs exist in steels to be utilized in R3-b environments.  
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08497 A Study of Pressure Limits of Double Q&T P110/Q125 in Low H2S Environments

Product Number: 51300-08497-SG
ISBN: 08497 2008 CP
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Publication Date: 2008
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