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08261 Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steels in Thermal Desalination Plants

Picture for 08261 Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steels in Thermal Desalination Plants
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Product Number: 51300-08261-SG
ISBN: 08261 2008 CP
Author: Sophie Jacques, Jerome Peultier, Jean Gagnepain, and Pierre Soulignac
Publication Date: 2008
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The number of countries, which suffer from a shortage of fresh water resources, is increasing continuously. For this reason, the number of desalination projects (production of fresh water from sea water) is booming. In the past, carbon steel, clad steels, copper-nickel alloys, or austenitic stainless steel grades such as 316L were the primary materials used for the walls of thermal process evaporation cells. More recently the duplex grades UNS S32304 and UNS S32205 have been selected for this application. This paper provides some of the technical reasons, which brought about this change in the choice of materials selected. Initially, the results of an extensive corrosion study, performed in a representative environment for evaporation cells and including both duplex and austenitic grades, are presented and discussed. Then a joint corrosion testing program conducted in cooperation with a well established desalination plant designer and run under actual plant conditions is outlined. The results of these field tests led to the development of a new concept for evaporation cells based on utilizing duplex stainless steels.
The number of countries, which suffer from a shortage of fresh water resources, is increasing continuously. For this reason, the number of desalination projects (production of fresh water from sea water) is booming. In the past, carbon steel, clad steels, copper-nickel alloys, or austenitic stainless steel grades such as 316L were the primary materials used for the walls of thermal process evaporation cells. More recently the duplex grades UNS S32304 and UNS S32205 have been selected for this application. This paper provides some of the technical reasons, which brought about this change in the choice of materials selected. Initially, the results of an extensive corrosion study, performed in a representative environment for evaporation cells and including both duplex and austenitic grades, are presented and discussed. Then a joint corrosion testing program conducted in cooperation with a well established desalination plant designer and run under actual plant conditions is outlined. The results of these field tests led to the development of a new concept for evaporation cells based on utilizing duplex stainless steels.
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Copper alloys are widely used for the heat exchanger tubes in both multi-stage flash (MSF) and multiple effect distillation (MED) thermal desalination plants. Millions of metres of such tubing have been used and generally the copper alloys give good performance. In the last few years the author has looked at a number of failures from thermal desalination plants in the Middle East. These are not from one location but have occurred in different areas in different plants. The failure mechanisms are also different in each area. The common feature of the failures is that the corrosion mechanism for each one is well understood and they could all have been prevented by using a corrosion engineer at the design stage. This paper presents some of the diverse range of case studies and explains how they could have been prevented.
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