The offshore deepsea sector has few margins for error, subsea assets at >2000 ft (max˜10000 ft) depth
need to engage safe, and efficient, designs which are robust and capable of withstanding extreme sea
state stresses and seabed loadings under high internal pressure, and high temperature conditions
(HP/HT). On top of the mechanical challenges there are immense demands from the materials and
corrosion side. Unpredictable failures can cause major problems regarding HSE, personnel safety, capital
investment, and public reputation, not withstanding the fact that remedial action would be extremely
difficult and costly. One new approach has been to utilize the concept of Inherently Safe Design (ISD),
within the auspices of ALARP. The principle was previously considered too high level and perhaps over
esoteric and not cost effective at CAPEX. However after years of limited acceptance it is now more
appropriate, and with the result that decisions such as options for CRA`s are being used on a larger scale
than ever before. And drivers are now in place to help merge and reconcile CAPEX and OPEX spending,
so that costs and resources are shared to the mutual benefit of the project.