Zirconium is very well known for its excellent corrosion resistance. Especially in reducing
environments like HCl the performance is superior to many alloys and second only to Tantalum.
However, the impurity content, cold working, surface condition and welding procedure are key to a
good performance.
After several unexpected failures in lab trials and field service the microstructure of welded
plate – tube samples was examined. Corrosion tests showed premature failure of this welded test pieces
already at 20%HCl and 60°C. The corrosion attack was correlated to the precipitation of secondary
phases adjacent to the weld in the plate section. Subsequent pickling and annealing procedures improved
the overall performance, but corrosion was not completely eliminated.
Selecting zirconium for application in the process industry definitely requires a careful
testing setup. Unwelded, welded and cold worked samples being close to the final product form should
be tested to properly select zirconium.