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07079 SIGNIFICANCE OF HYDROGEN EVOLUTION DURING CATHODIC PROTECTION

Picture for 07079 SIGNIFICANCE OF HYDROGEN EVOLUTION DURING CATHODIC PROTECTION
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Product Number: 51300-07079-SG
ISBN: 07079 2007 CP
Author: Trine Okstad, Øyvind Rannestad, Roy Johnsen, and Kemal Nisancioglu
Publication Date: 2007
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Current requirement and calcareous scale properties on carbon steel are investigated as a function of applied potential, flow rate and time in natural seawater. The current requirement is dominated by oxygen reduction during the initial stage of polarization after application of cathodic protection. However, as the calcareous scale deposits, oxygen reduction reaction rate decreases, and hydrogen evolution becomes the dominating cathodic process. Furthermore, the rate of hydrogen evolution appears to become catalyzed by the presence of the calcareous scale deposit. Maximum Ca/Mg ratio in the calcareous deposit gives the best protection and current requirement. The maximum is determined by the applied potential and seawater flow rate.
Current requirement and calcareous scale properties on carbon steel are investigated as a function of applied potential, flow rate and time in natural seawater. The current requirement is dominated by oxygen reduction during the initial stage of polarization after application of cathodic protection. However, as the calcareous scale deposits, oxygen reduction reaction rate decreases, and hydrogen evolution becomes the dominating cathodic process. Furthermore, the rate of hydrogen evolution appears to become catalyzed by the presence of the calcareous scale deposit. Maximum Ca/Mg ratio in the calcareous deposit gives the best protection and current requirement. The maximum is determined by the applied potential and seawater flow rate.
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Picture for 07036 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR UPPER LIMITS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION
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07036 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR UPPER LIMITS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

Product Number: 51300-07036-SG
ISBN: 07036 2007 CP
Author: Ernest Klechka, Steven F. Daily, and Kevin C. Garrity
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This paper reviews the concerns of applying excessive levels of cathodic protection current to pipelines and the need for establishing an upper potential limit. Coating disbondment, hydrogen induced stress cracks, stress corrosion cracking, hard spots and the problems associated with measurement of a true polarized pipe-to-electrolyte potential are addressed.
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Investigation of Hydrogen Embrittlement of High Strength Pipeline Steels Under Cathodic Protection

Product Number: 51317--9255-SG
ISBN: 9255 2017 CP
Author: Lei Zhang
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Pipeline steels higher than API X80 grade ad subject to hydrogen embrittlement risk induced by the hydrogen evolution effect under cathodic protection. This paper focuses on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviors of API X70, X80 and X90 high strength pipeline steel under cathodic protection in soil simulation conditions.
Picture for 01011 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF STEEL IN DEEP
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01011 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF STEEL IN DEEP SEA : HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT RISK AND CATHODIC PROTECTION CRITERIA

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