The formation of mineral scale in potable water heat exchangers and distribution piping reduces flow and system capacity, increases operational costs due impacts on efficiency, and can ultimately cause failure or result in the need for chemical cleaning. Chemical cleaning can be costly and could result in loss of service for an extended period. Additionally, chemically cleaning these types of systems poses a potential health risk to the building occupants. Traditional methods for preventing this problem from occurring include chemical treatment to soften the water, chemical inhibitors to reduce scale formation, and mechanical equipment such as ion
exchange and reverse osmosis units that remove mineral components from the water that are potentially scale forming. There are alternatives to these widely accepted methods for controlling mineral scale that purport to use magnetic or electric fields to alter the physical or chemical properties of the water in such
a way as to prevent mineral scale buildup. This study conducted a field test of three (two magnetic and one electronic) alternative devices to determine if they would reduce or prevent scale formation under field conditions typical of those found at U.S. Army installations. The devices tested in this study did not prevent nor appreciably reduce mineral scale formation in comparison to a control. The heat exchange capacity of all three test exchangers was reduced for both the devices and the control.
Keywords: magnetic descalers, mineral scale, heat exchanger, non-chemical water treatment devices