In common with many other industries that use large quantities of water, nuclear power utilities have experienced piping degradation attributable to microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). The effects of MIC are generally associated with fire protection and cooling water systems, which may use large quantities of untreated water. Failure of these systems could lead to a forced shutdown of a nuclear power plant. Existing countermeasures, that are often expensive and have a negative environmental impact, are not always adequate; however, lessons can be learned when MIC does occur. This paper reviews a number of MIC failures discovered in nuclear power plants, as well as the associated failure mechanisms. Based on an understanding of the microbial kinetics involved in the failure, design and operational remedial measures are explored. It is shown that a fundamental understanding of microbial growth kinetics can be applied to mitigate many MIC problems without the use of expensive, and potentially environmentally damaging biocides.