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02296 CORROSION PRODUCT FILMS ON CARBON STEEL IN SEMI-SOUR CO2/H2S ENVIRONMENTS

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Product Number: 51300-02296-SG
ISBN: 02296 2002 CP
Author: J. Kvarekval, R. Nyborg and M. Seiersten
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Flow loop corrosion experiments with carbon steel have been carried out in CO2 environments with H2S levels below the NACE sour limit of 3 mbar H2S (“semi-sour” environments). The presence of 0.5 – 1.5 mbar H2S in loop experiments with up to 2 bar CO2 and temperatures up to 80°C resulted in slightly higher corrosion rates than in corresponding experiments without H2S. The corrosion rates were in the range of 0.1-2 mm/y. In an experiment with 0.5 mbar H2S at a CO2/H2S partial pressure ratio of 4500 both iron sulfides (FeS) and iron carbonates (FeCO3) were detected on the steel surface. The mixed sulfide/carbonate films were 30-80 µm thick. Thermodynamic solubility data are clearly in favour of iron sulfide formation under these conditions, thus it is likely that the coexistence of FeS and FeCO3 is caused by local depletion of sulfide ions within the corrosion product films. Experiments with CO2/H2S ratios of 1200-1500 resulted in formation of thin iron sulfide films (1- 10 µm) on the corroding surfaces. No iron carbonates were found in corrosion product films formed at CO2/H2S ratios below 1500. Keywords: CO2 corrosion, H2S corrosion, corrosion product films, iron sulfide, iron carbonate
Flow loop corrosion experiments with carbon steel have been carried out in CO2 environments with H2S levels below the NACE sour limit of 3 mbar H2S (“semi-sour” environments). The presence of 0.5 – 1.5 mbar H2S in loop experiments with up to 2 bar CO2 and temperatures up to 80°C resulted in slightly higher corrosion rates than in corresponding experiments without H2S. The corrosion rates were in the range of 0.1-2 mm/y. In an experiment with 0.5 mbar H2S at a CO2/H2S partial pressure ratio of 4500 both iron sulfides (FeS) and iron carbonates (FeCO3) were detected on the steel surface. The mixed sulfide/carbonate films were 30-80 µm thick. Thermodynamic solubility data are clearly in favour of iron sulfide formation under these conditions, thus it is likely that the coexistence of FeS and FeCO3 is caused by local depletion of sulfide ions within the corrosion product films. Experiments with CO2/H2S ratios of 1200-1500 resulted in formation of thin iron sulfide films (1- 10 µm) on the corroding surfaces. No iron carbonates were found in corrosion product films formed at CO2/H2S ratios below 1500. Keywords: CO2 corrosion, H2S corrosion, corrosion product films, iron sulfide, iron carbonate
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03339 FORMATION OF MULTILAYER IRON SULFIDE FILMS DURING HIGH TEMPERATURE CO2/H2S CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL

Product Number: 51300-03339-SG
ISBN: 03339 2003 CP
Author: J. Kvarekval, R. Nyborg, Hojin Choi
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51315-6146-Predictive Modelling in CO2 and H2S Containing Environment

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Fe3O4, FeCO3 or FeS - Which Corrosion Product Will Prevail at High Temperature in CO2/H2S Environments?

Product Number: 51320-14413-SG
Author: Shujun Gao, Bruce Brown, David Young, Srdjan Nesic, Marc Singer
Publication Date: 2020
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Sweet (CO2) and sour (H2S) corrosion have continuously been a challenge in oil and gas production and transportation. Yet, some key issues are still not well understood, especially at high temperature production conditions. A CO2/H2S ratio of 500, which has been used (often inaccurately) to determine which corrosion mechanism is dominant, is probably even less valid at high temperature. The nature of the corrosion products forming at high temperature in CO2/H2S environments and their effects on the corrosion rate are not known. Finally, the impact on pipeline integrity of environmental changes between sweet and sour production conditions (simulating reservoir souring) has not been well documented. CO2, H2S, and CO2/H2S corrosion experiments were conducted at 120oC to investigate corrosion mechanisms and corrosion product layer formation at high temperature. The results show that the corrosion products were still clearly dominated by H2S under the pCO2/pH2S ratio of 550. Formation of Fe3O4, FeCO3, and FeS corrosion product layers had a direct impact on the measured corrosion rates and was dependent on the gas composition and on the sequence of exposure (CO2 then H2S and vice versa). Compared with H2S corrosion alone, the presence of CO2 could retard Fe3O4 formation in CO2/H2S mixture environment. No obvious change in steady state corrosion rate was observed when the corrosion environment was switched from CO2 to H2S and vice versa. 
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