Petroleum refinery equipment components experience varying degrees of high temperature erosion and corrosion. The erosion corrosion effects are predominant in fluidized catalytic crackers, delayed cokers, fiexicokers, thermal crackers and vacuum distillation units. Typical components affected are piping elbows, nozzles, valve seats and guides, thermowells and pump internals. Erosion corrosion assumes a more menacing dimension when coupled with higher temperature, where most structural alloys soften resulting in accelerated wear. Traditionally, high temperature erosion resistant components in refineries are manufactured from Cobalt based alloys incorporating a generous amount of Cr and W. They are used for hardfacing or making cast components. This paper examines a whole family of new candidate materials that is expected to offer better high temperature erosion characteristics compared to the ones utilized now. The materials include a range of Co based CrMo alloys and arange of alloy-matrix-composite alloys incorporating carbides of Chromium, Titanium and Tungsten. High temperature hardness and erosion testing is used to grade and compare the various candidate materials. The effect of manufacturing techniques on the erosion and abrasion properties is also evaluated to optimize the manufacturing route for a given component. Typical refinery components, where the new materials will find application, are discussed.