This paper, prepared for a NACE project to survey trends in the use of process equipment materials in various chemical process industries at the turn of the millennium, discusses how business trends and technical trends are changing the materials of construction used in pulp- and paper-making equipment, and changing the management of corrosion control. Anticipated process changes in each part of the pulp and paper making processes, and their impact on materials of construction for process equipment, are discussed. Specifically, new pulping processes will challenge existing digester materials and promote the development of new alloys for weld overlay repairs, for new digesters and for new tanks. Environmentally friendly bleaching processes will generally be less corrosive than existing processes, and will provide opportunities to downgrade materials and cut costs. Processes for recovering pulping chemicals could change substantially, and are expected to promote the development of high performance ceramic coatings. Application of risk-based inspection and fitness-for-service methodologies could enable pulp and paper companies to reduce the lifetime costs of their process equipment, particularly where in-house materials engineering skills are used as a source of competitive advantage.