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Steel components in refineries and petrochemical plants are exposed to conditions of temperatures higher than 200°C with high pressures of hydrogen. Such conditions avail the driving force needed for the hydrogen to dissociate and penetrate the steel surface. Once the atomic or nascent hydrogen is within the steel microstructure, it can react with the carbon present, usually in carbides, to form methane gas within the steel structure as suggested by the below reactions:[C]α + 4[H]α → [CH4]gas (1)where α refers to ferrite.
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