Corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the most common forms of deterioration of reinforced concrete structures, having a large impact on both their life-cycle cost, and overall performance. For example, according to the 2021 Report Card for American’s Infrastructure of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) [1], the amount of money needed to fix existing civil infrastructures in the USA is in the order of six (6) trillion USD; most of this is in connection to corrosion-related concrete deterioration.
Corrosion of steel embedded in concrete is an electrochemical process that occurs when a potential difference along the bars forms a cell with anode and cathode zones on the steel, and the pore water in the hardened cement paste serves as electrolyte [2].