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The direct current electrical treatments are applied with the aim of improving corrosion resistance of steel embedded in concrete. It is the impressed current cathodic protection in both widely used modes – preventive or remedial, electrochemical chloride extraction, realkalization of carbonated concrete and electrochemical injection of protective agents. All the treatments are similar to each other in its principle and arrangement.
Steel rebars in concrete structures are usually protected from corrosion by a thin layer of passive film, which is formed due to the high alkalinity of concrete pore solution.1-2 However, this protective passive film could be damaged by penetration of chloride into concrete structures in marine environments or exposure to the use of de-icing salt for the removal of snow and ice in winter times.3 Penetration of chloride would impair the passive film locally and initiate pitting corrosion.
This report is intended for use by engineers attempting to protect corroding reinforced concrete structures by the use of electrochemical treatment techniques. The information presented in this report is limited to ECE for atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete.
DOWNLOADABLE HISTORICAL DOCUMENT - Electrochemical realkalization (ER) for conventionally reinforced concrete structures. Common industry practices for the application of ER. Part II of 2. Part I (Item 24214) is on electrochemical chloride extraction.
The purpose of this technical committee report is to provide specifiers, designers, and corrosion control personnel information to control the corrosion of conventional reinforcing steel in hydraulic cement concrete using corrosion inhibiting admixtures.
This report describes several types of materials used as corrosion inhibiting admixtures, their selection and evaluation, their proportioning into freshly mixed concrete, and their effects on fresh and hardening/hardened concrete. Corrosion inhibiting admixtures may help delay corrosion initiation and extend the interval of corrosion propagation.
CP coupons have been used since the 1930s by several of the pioneers of the corrosion-control industry, both in North America and in Europe. Over the last two decades, the use of CP coupons has been rediscovered as a practical method to determine the level of polarization of a buried structure and to confirm the voltage drop in a potential measurement. Acceptance of CP coupon technology is slowly occurring. Research sponsored by the pipeline industry has explored the use of CP coupons and has helped validate the use of this technology.
This AMPP standard practice presents the requirements for electrochemical chloride extraction and electrochemical realkalization of reinforcing steel in atmospherically exposed concrete structures.The standard provides the designengineer and contractor with the requirements for control of corrosion of conventional reinforcing steel in Portland cement concrete structures through the application of chloride extraction or realkalization.This standard is intended foruse by owners, engineers, architects, contractors, and all those concerned with rehabilitation of corrosion-damagedreinforced concrete structures.
This AMPP standard practice provides a structure for setting up and maintaining a Corrosion Management System (the System) for existing atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete structures. This standard is concerned with the risk-based management of corrosion to maintain the safe operation of structures and to minimize the risk of unexpected failures and unplanned closures and outages. The Standard applies to any reinforced concrete structure that is atmospherically exposed including: parking structures, bridges, residential or commercial buildings, and any structures at risk of corrosion development.
This AMPP standard practice presents guidelines for galvanic cathodic protection (GCP) of reinforcing steel in atmospherically exposed concrete elements or structures. These guidelines are intended for owners, engineers, architects, contractors, and those concerned with the mitigation of reinforced concrete corrosion through the application of GCP systems. The information in this standard as it relates to GCP systems is intended for atmospherically exposed concrete structures and is not applicable to concrete with nonferrous reinforcement or epoxy-coated, galvanized, or other types of coated reinforcement. GCP applications for buried and submerged reinforced concrete structures are not addressed in this standard.
This NACE International standard has been prepared to provide users and manufacturers of embeddable anodes with a test method for evaluating the anode material to an expected lifetime criterion. Historical Document 1994