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Water-handling oil producing facilities often become target for microbial contamination because treated waters are not sterile – they are inhabited by various microorganisms and contain sufficient inorganic and organic nutrients to support microbial growth. The bacterial contamination and bioburden are to extravagate easily if environmental conditions in the facilities, for instance, moderate temperature (<45C) and salinity (<50 g/l TDS), favor microorganisms. Growing bacterial population distributes along the system and forms biofilms on the surfaces of pipelines, valves, vessels, tanks, etc. Such spreading of free-floating (planktonic) and sessile (biofilm) bacteria in industrial systems is referred to as biofouling.
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Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) constitute a specialized group of phylogenetically diverse anaerobes that are responsible for the dissimilatory reduction of sulfate to sulfide. They are present in a variety of environments, including oil- and gas-bearing formations, soils, and domestic, industrial, and mining wastewaters (1,2). SRB are a major concern in the oil and gas industry with significant economic and safety implication.