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This AMPP standard defines standard practices for new carbon steel (CS) pressure vessels to be used in petroleum refining wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-containing environments, with the recommended steps for resisting the damage mechanisms listed below. It covers materials, welding, testing, and other fabrication requirements. It is intended to be used by refiners, equipment fabricators, engineering contractors, and construction contractors.
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HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Corrosion mechanisms in refinery crude distillation unit (CDU) distillation tower overhead systems and current industry practices for mitigating or controlling this corrosion.
This standard practice is intended to provide guidance to those designing, fabricating, and/or maintaining refinery equipment and piping that are exposed to caustic environments.
Caustic is used in many petroleum refinery applications in a wide range of concentrations and temperatures. Caustic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel (CS) equipment has been reported in industry since the 1930s, e.g., in riveted steam boilers. NACE has published guidance for handling sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the form of a “Caustic Service Chart” since at least the mid-1960s.
This technical report describes the associated corrosion mechanisms in refinery crude distillation unit (CDU) distillation tower overhead systems and current industry practices for mitigating or controlling this corrosion. Distillation towers in a typical CDU include a pre-flash tower, an atmospheric tower, and a vacuum tower. Feedstock, unit configurations, and associated process variables are addressed, from the crude oil storage tanks to the distillation tower overhead drums.