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The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is attracting interest as a generator of electricity that does not emit greenhouse gases, provided that hydrogen is produced via clean processes. However, their large-scale commercialization is still limited by high cost and limited durability. As essential elements of the PEMFC, the bipolar plates (BPPs) enable the transport of electrons to the external circuit, guarantee the mechanical assembly of the cell, distribute the reactive gases, and evacuate the water.
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Electrochemical energy conversion devices, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, are widely recognized as an essential component of the transition to a low carbon economy. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) variants of both technologies show particular promise due to their high current density, fast start-up times and low gas crossover rates. The main barrier to widespread uptake of these devices is their capital cost, which includes both raw material and manufacturing costs.
The high demand for green hydrogen energy during recent decades has caused increasing research activities around energy conversion devices. Different types of water electrolyzers (WE) and fuel cells (FC) are at the core of attention for hydrogen production and electrical energy generation from hydrogen. Around 20-22% of the total cost of a WE/FC stack is the cost of bipolar plates (BPPs) materials and coatings.