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In the oil and gas industry, solid metal equipment such as pipelines, pressure vessels, heat exchangers and valves are susceptible to surface cracks and discontinuities attributed to cyclic loading, process environment and severe operating conditions. These anomalies affect the safety, structural functionality, reliability, integrity and life cycle of the equipment. They could lead to catastrophic incidents if not detected timely, evaluated, monitored and properly repaired.
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In oil & gas industry, solid metal equipment such as pipelines, pressure vessels, heat exchangers and valves are susceptible to surface and sub-surface cracks and discontinuities attributed to cyclic loading and severe operating conditions. These anomalies affect the safety, structural functionality, reliability, integrity and life cycle of the equipment and if not detected timely, they could lead to catastrophic incidents. Consequently, this gave rise to the importance of different Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods and their abilities to detect and characterize surface discontinuity providing useful information to the structural integrity assessment.