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Over the past two decades, bio-based fuel-grade ethanols (BFGEs), derived from a variety of agriculture feedstocks (e.g., corn, sugar cane, soybean oil, and sugar beet), are increasingly being used as a renewable energy source to reduce the dependence of fossil fuels for motor vehicle applications. One cost-effective and environmentally benign way to transport BFGEs is through steel transmission pipelines. However, cases of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) in the transportation of BFGEs have been documented including some in pipelines.
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This AMPP standard practice identifies procedures to determine the need for cathodic protection (CP) and the current requirements to achieve CP of well casings associated with land-based and offshore oil and gas production and gas storage. The standard is applicable to single or multi-phase production (oil, gas and water), reinjection (for product stor- age, product disposal, or reservoir maintenance) as well as for geothermal wells. It also outlines practices for the design and installation of CP systems and for their operation and maintenance. The purpose of this standard is to ensure more effective prevention of corrosion of well casings by making available reliable information about CP as it relates to well casings. This standard is intended for use by corrosion engineers in oil and gas production, especially those concerned with the CP of steel well casings.