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Static pressure equipment mechanical integrity (MI) is most typically associated with OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) as regulated under the Department of Labor. Facilities regulated under the Department of Transportation (DOT) including applicable natural gas and liquefied natural gas are not subject to PSM regulations including the implementation of MI management programs. Nevertheless, MI methodologies such as those prescribed in API 510 and 570 offer a suitable framework for integrity management of DOT-regulated pipeline natural gas facilities such as compressor stations, metering and regulation station, LNG Facilities. These MI methodologies can be implemented to provide appropriate engineering solutions considering typical facilities characteristics including materials of construction, operating processes, and integrity threats and satisfy current DOT integrity management regulation.
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External corrosion in uninsulated pipelines is normally able to be prevented by cathodic protection (CP). Generally, external corrosion on buried pipelines cannot occur if CP current is getting onto the pipe. CP is an electrochemical means of corrosion control in which the oxidation reaction in a galvanic cell is concentrated at the anode and suppresses corrosion of the cathode (pipe) in the same cell. For instance, to make a pipeline a cathode, an anode is attached to it.
Corrosion is defined as the degradation of a material or its properties due to a reaction with the environment and is one of the most common pipeline integrity threats for operators. External corrosion may be visually inspected during excavation; however, due to accessibility, additional non-destructive examination (NDE) methods must be utilized to identify the presence and severity of internal corrosion.
Understanding the chemistry and electrical properties of how corrosion occurs aids in mitigating the presence of corrosion, specifically internal corrosion.
Management and operating teams, across all industries, but especially inside asset management organizations, must increasingly rely on data-driven assessment and analytics for decision making. Clearly, inefficiency and ineffectiveness associated with manual or poorly optimized business processes and fragmented business management Infrastructures is a barrier to formulating the safest, most efficient and cost effective asset management and operational decisions. According to Deloitte’s digital maturity analysis, the midstream industry and specially the pipeline sector is in its lowest stages of digital adoption (first 20-30% progress).
Remote monitoring is becoming an increasingly more accepted way of gathering data from test stations. Not only because the value of having continuous data often exceeds that of performing spot-wise measurements in time, but also because the cost of collecting data manually is getting higher. Still, regulations require annual surveys to document the safe operation of pipeline CP systems.
埋地或水下金属管线系统外腐蚀控制的推荐作法
Achieving effective control of external corrosion on buried or submerged metallic piping systems. Design. Coatings. Cathodic protection. Installation. Interference currents. Costs.
On July 8th, 1986, an 8-inch pipeline transporting gasoline ruptured in Mounds View, Minnesota. Vaporized gasoline combined with air and liquid gasoline flowed along neighborhood streets. Approximately 30 minutes later, a vehicle entered the area igniting the gasoline vapor.
In this paper, several cases will be showcased to highlight the contributing causes and underlying mechanisms of corrosion damage of components that resulted in significant releases of hazardous substances onto operator’s property, rights-of-way, and the environment. The objectives of this paper are to understand the causes of the failures and their consequences, to identify the risk factors involved, to discuss mitigative measures after failure, and to observe trends that may indicate the need for additional preventative and mitigative actions. The over-riding goal is to provide details in areas for potential improvement in pipeline operations to reduce risk and improve integrity management.