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Carbon and low alloy steels (CS and LAS, respectively) used for exploration and production in the oil and gas (O&G) industry are normally exposed to environments that may contain H2S in a wide range of concentrations. In aqueous solutions, H2S acts as a cathodic poison.1,2 A cathodic poison inhibits the recombination of atomic hydrogen to H2, and as a result, favors its absorption by the metal.1,2 In the presence of a susceptible microstructure and the simultaneous effect of applied or residual tensile stress, a crack can nucleate and propagate, when a critical concentration of hydrogen is reached in the metal.3 This environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) phenomenon is known as Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC).2 SSC is commonly addressed as a case of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) damage.2
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The presence of trenches on low alloy steels (LAS) in sour environments at the open circuit potential (OCP) has been reported since 1977. Originally, they were classified as deep and elongated localized corrosion pits. Recently, many authors have referred to them as “stress-induced grooves.