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Picture for Robust Non-Phosphorus Cooling Water Treatment Program That Reduces The Biological Control Challenge - A Case Study
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Robust Non-Phosphorus Cooling Water Treatment Program That Reduces The Biological Control Challenge - A Case Study

Product Number: 51322-17626-SG
Author: Bingzhi Chen, Yikun Guo, Xiao Zhang, Ben Brock, Jessica Grailer
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Cooling water systems are commonly used to cool a process, either steam, gas or liquid, through heat exchangers or condensers in various plants. The heat exchangers or condensers can be corroded easily or have scale and biofilm growth due to the poor water treatment program. The corrosion, scale, and biofilm growth on heat exchangers can lead to significant reduction in heat exchanger efficiency and lifetime. The repair expense or loss of production often costs plants a few hundred thousand or millions of dollars per day for heavy industries, such as chemical and power plants, refineries, and steel mills. Thus, cooling water treatment is critical to maintain the integrity and efficiency of heat exchangers.
Picture for Role Of Acetic Acid On The Kinetics And Mechanism Of Carbon Steel Dissolution Under CO2 Top Of Line Corrosion
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Role Of Acetic Acid On The Kinetics And Mechanism Of Carbon Steel Dissolution Under CO2 Top Of Line Corrosion

Product Number: 51322-17818-SG
Author: Mariana Costa Folena, José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano Gomes, Frederick Pessu, Anne Neville, Richard Barker
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Top of line corrosion (TLC) is a specific corrosion mechanism observed in the oil and gas industry. This phenomena occurs under stratified or wet-gas flow regimes when the upper internal pipeline walls are sufficiently cooled (by heat transfer to the surrounding outer environment), promoting local condensation of water vapor. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and organic acids dissolving into the condensed water generate a change in the solution chemistry, ultimately influencing the corrosion kinetics of the contacting carbon steel.
Picture for Mechanistic Understanding Of Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking
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Role of Grain Boundary Oxidation in Crack Initiation of Neutron-irradiated Stainless Steel

Product Number: ED22-17333-SG
Author: Srinivasan Swaminathan, Donghai Du, Gary S. Was
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) continues to be a major concern for the
structural integrity of core internals in both pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water
reactor (BWRs). While factors such as stress, an irradiated microstructure and a high temperature
water environment are required for IASCC, a better understanding of the underlying mechanism
has become a subject of intense long-term research. In the last two decades, much progress has
been made in understanding IASCC susceptibility, though a clear cause-and-effect has yet to be
established on the mechanism of intergranular cracking in highly neutron irradiated stainless steels
in the PWR environment.
Picture for Route to optimize temporary seal for downhole dissolvable magnesium plug application in HT: Failure analysis and learnings
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Route to optimize temporary seal for downhole dissolvable magnesium plug application in HT: Failure analysis and learnings

Product Number: 51323-18889-SG
$20.00

Over the past two decades of the Shale Revolution that completely transformed the global energy market, Fast-dissolving magnesium (DM) alloy technology has advanced significantly in both performance improvement and cost reduction through continuous optimization, which significantly reduced operational costs of hydraulic fracturing. Thousands of tons of DM are manufactured yearly worldwide to make the so-called “multi-stage dissolvable frac plugs”.
Picture for Salt Deposition On F-5 Aircraft In Various Service Environments
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Salt Deposition On F-5 Aircraft In Various Service Environments

Product Number: 51322-17799-SG
Author: Christine Sanders, Christina Stewart
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Fighter Squadron Composite One One One (VFC-111) is a US Navy adversary squadron based out of
Naval Air Station (NAS) Key West, Florida. VFC-111 operates F-5 Tiger-II tactical fighter jets as part of their dissimilar air combat training program provided to fighter squadrons within the Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Air Force Reserve, and Air National Guard.
Picture for SCC Behavior Of Alloy 52M Weld Butter On SA-508 LAS From The Double-Repair Dissimilar Metal Weld In A PWR Environment
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SCC Behavior Of Alloy 52M Weld Butter On SA-508 LAS From The Double-Repair Dissimilar Metal Weld In A PWR Environment

Product Number: ED22-17283-SG
Author: Bogdan Alexandreanu, Yiren Chen
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

This paper presents the results of a confirmatory research program conducted with the purpose of evaluating the susceptibility of Nickel-base Alloy 690 and 52/152 and variant welds to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) with a focus on the SCC response of Alloy 52/152 weldments with repairs.Nickel-base Alloy 690 and the associated weld Alloys 52 and 152 are typically used for nozzle penetrations in replacement heads for pressurized water reactor (PWR) vessels, repairs of existing components as well as for designs of advanced nuclear reactors because of their increased resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) relative to Alloys 600, 82, and 182. 
Picture for SCC Growth In BWR-NWC Of A Low-Alloy Steel With Intermediate S-Content Tested At K Between 50 And 70 Mpa√M
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SCC Growth In BWR-NWC Of A Low-Alloy Steel With Intermediate S-Content Tested At K Between 50 And 70 Mpa√M

Product Number: ED22-17305-SG
Author: Martin Bjurman, Elena Calota, Björn Forssgren, Johan Stjärnsäter
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of RPV steels has shown fairly quick initiation and high crack growth rates (CGRs) in simulated normal water chemistry (NWC) autoclave tests. Still the operating experience shows no known cases that reflect this high sensitivity. The bulk of these tests have been conducted on either high sulfur material, with significant dynamic loading and/or in high sulphate or chloride environments. Recent studies at PSI and GE have shown increased CGRs at 3-5 ppb chloride. This led to the limit for normal operating conditions in the EPRI BWR water Chemistry Guidelines [3,4] to be reduced from 5 to 3 ppb of chloride during the course of this project. The effects on the in-crack chemistry of test specimens vs. those of real cracks, and the effect of cladding on cracking in LAS have been debated.
Picture for SCC Initiation And Growth In PWR Primary Water Containing KOH Vs. Lioh
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SCC Initiation and Growth Rate Response of A-286 in B/Li and B/K Solutions 340°C

Product Number: ED22-17262-SG
Author: P.L. Andresen, P. Chou
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) initiation and growth rate testing was performed using Alloy A-286, a high-strength iron-base alloy, to evaluate for possible differences in response in boric acid solutions containing KOH vs. LiOH. PWRs are considering a switch from LiOH to KOH because of the uncertain future availability and high cost of Li. To achieve the same pH at temperature (pHT) in typical PWR primary water, the same molar concentration of Li and K is needed. The atomic weight of K is 39.1, which is 5.63 higher than the atomic weight of Li at 6.94, so 1 ppm Li yields the same pHT as 5.63 ppm K. The conductivity differs somewhat because of difference in the mobility of Li+ and K+.
Picture for SCC Of Alloy 152/52 Weld Metals, Weld Repairs, Dilution Zones And Hazs
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SCC of Alloy 152/52 Welds Defects, Repairs, Dilution Zones and HAZs in PWR Water

Product Number: ED22-17243-SG
Author: Peter L. Andresen, Chris Wax
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been observed for over six decades in light water reactors structural components, with wide variations in the rate of SCC initiation and crack growth. Newer materials have been adopted in the last three decades, primarily the ~30% Cr Alloy 690 (UNS N06690) and its weld metals, Alloy 52 (UNS W86052) and Alloy 152 (UNS W86152). These materials were initially viewed as immune to SCC, but are now recognized to be susceptibility to SCC, and can exhibit high growth rates in some conditions. 
Picture for SCC Of Alloy 82 Weld Metal In BWR Water
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SCC Of Alloy 82 Weld Metal In BWR Water

Product Number: ED22-17242-SG
Author: Peter L. Andresen, Katsuhiko Kumagai
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

There is extensive evidence from laboratory data and plant experience of the SCC susceptibility of Alloy 82 weld metal in both BWR and PWR environments. Two international expert panels evaluated laboratory data under PWR conditions and created disposition curves to address the effects of stress intensity factor (K), temperature, and other factors. Another expert panel is creating a disposition
curve under BWR conditions for K, temperature, corrosion potential, impurities, and other factors. Nickel alloy weld metals at lower Cr levels (~15% Cr for Alloy 182 and ~20% Cr for Alloy 82) are more susceptible to SCC than weld metals of higher Cr content (~30% Cr for Alloy 52/152). This paper focuses on on-thefly effects on SCC growth rate of Alloy 82 weld metal in BWR environments of corrosion potential, water
purity and temperature.
Picture for SCC Of Tensile Wires At High CO2 Partial Pressure In Simulated Annulus Environments Of Flexible Pipes
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SCC Of Tensile Wires At High CO2 Partial Pressure In Simulated Annulus Environments Of Flexible Pipes

Product Number: 51322-17898-SG
Author: Pedro Netto da Silva, Gaute Svenningsen, Arne Dugstad, José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano Gomes
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Unbonded flexible pipes used for transporting process fluids in offshore oil and gas production systems have a complex structure, with alternate polymer and metallic layers. Tensile armors are metallic layers constructed by the helical wrapping of high strength carbon steel wires, and they are responsible for the integrity of the pipe. These armors provide axial strength and torsion resistance to the pipe so that it can sustain its own weight and resist to stresses associated to environmental conditions and vessel motion.
Picture for Selection, Screening and Field Trial of Calcium Hypochlorite to reduce bacteria population in freshwater storage tanks in Williston, North Dakota, USA
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Selection, Screening and Field Trial of Calcium Hypochlorite to reduce bacteria population in freshwater storage tanks in Williston, North Dakota, USA

Product Number: 51322-17645-SG
Author: James R Fajt, Stephanie Iwuala, Alyn Jenkins, Jarrod Hastie
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

This study describes an effort to find a method to control bacteria in 130 remote freshwater fiber glass storge tanks with an effective low-cost, convenient treatment method. Freshwater, in this application, is being used to control halite scale formed in the production from unconventional oil wells in the Williston, North Dakota, USA area. The water is sourced from local freshwater rivers and trucked to location and stored in 400 barrel (bbl) freshwater tanks. The water stored in the tanks is injected continuously, and the tanks are refilled on a variable schedule.
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