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Numerous studies and papers have addressed the need and technical merits of various external corrosion protection scenarios for ductile iron pipe. Most recently, a Design Decision Model was developed to select the optimum method of corrosion protection, considering both the likelihood and consequence of failure.
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Corrosion under Insulation (CUI) and External Corrosion continue to be a major issue for Petrochemical facilities. Refineries have been investing in a CUI and External Corrosion inspection program. This paper details the methodology for addressing this damage and lessons learned throughout the implementation.
Methods for dealing with sources of errors affecting the accuracy of the Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG) coating defect identification and sizing tool.
A new approach in pipeline integrity management based on mechanistic modelling. Electrochemical reactions at coating defects are simulated for the entire pipeline network, in the presence of AC and DC interference resulting in the visualization of the IR-free potentials and corrosion rates.
This paper looks at one major water and wastewater municipality with an established system for external corrosion control. Details of their systematic approach, how it developed and is applied, are included.
Framework for the management of corrosion life-cycle costs including the assessment of risk over time, the establishment of statistical process control techniques for identifying and evaluating risk decisions - and the methodology.
Suncor is an integrated oil, gas exploration, and production company that operates over 1000 km (622 miles) of pipeline in Canada and approximately 386 miles (621 km) of pipeline in US. Suncor also operates refineries in Alberta, Ontario, Quebec (Canada) and in Colorado (USA). Additionally, the company owns a network of more than 1,800 Petro-CanadaTM retail and wholesale locations across Canada.
External corrosion on buried pipelines can result in gradual and usually localized metal loss on the exterior surface of failure coating, resulting in reduction of the wall thickness of the metallic structure. Indirect technologies, such as DC basis (i.e. DCVG, CIPS) have been able to detect and pinpoint two conditions in the pipeline, intact and holiday (active surface or coating anomaly) with good confidence. Classic DC methodologies monitor and characterize the state of the coating and effectiveness of cathodic protection by using transfer function principle (i.e. resistance). The formation of an electrochemical cell, such as buried coated pipeline with cathodic protection (steel in electrolyte) is formed at macro scale conditions [1-2]. The expected damage evolution of the coated pipeline includes the electrolyte (soil+water) uptake within the coating
When using cathodic protection on coated pipelines, end users must consider the problems that exist if the coating disbonds (loses adhesion). Many in the pipeline industry assume cathodic protection will solve their external corrosion problems without truly understanding the relationship between the coating and cathodic protection.
The Hanford site contains approximately 55 million gallons (2.08 x 108 liters) of radioactive and chemically hazardous wastes arising from weapons production, beginning with World War II and continuing through he Cold War era. The wastes are stored in 177 carbon steel underground storage tanks, of which 149 are single-shell tanks (SSTs) and the remaining are double-shell tanks (DSTs). Historically, tank failures have been associated with the SSTs
Pipelines are subjected to Hydrostatic testing during construction and maintenance. The Hydrostatic test validates the pipeline integrity by ensuring that the pipeline can sustain the operating pressure. Hydrostatic tests can expose any anomalies present in the pipe that may result in failures at or a fraction above the operating pressure.