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Close Interval Surveys (CIS) are frequently performed on pipelines to measure the pipe to soil potential. While the instrument is connected to the pipe it is possible to obtain additional types of readings that can be analyzed to provide further information. Many modern electronic instruments are capable of functioning as oscilloscopes in addition to obtaining synchronized CIS readings. The information captured by the oscilloscope function provides a waveform for further analysis. The waveform is captured as a raw, unfiltered signal with at least 2000 data points per second for the duration of the interruption cycle or longer.
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Chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete structures usually experiences two stages: pitting corrosion initiation and propagation.1-2 Initiation of pitting corrosion occurs as the chloride content on the surface of a steel bar exceeds a critical value (or chloride threshold) and breaks down the passive film locally.3-4 Depending on environmental factors at the steel-concrete interface, such as temperature, moisture, and availability of oxygen, pitting corrosion initiation is not stable in the very beginning and some corrosion pits may continue to develop and become stable, while others cease.