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Sour corrosion and iron sulphide scale deposition are two common flow assurance issues encountered in oilfields. Sour oil wells typically produce crude along with produced water and a significant amount of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The high pressure and temperature conditions under the downhole tend to cause severe corrosion damage including metal loss and pitting, along with iron sulphide scale deposition. Iron sulfide deposition in sour wells is a corrosion induced scale problem. It potentially causes production decline, restricted well intervention, well shutdown, or even severe consequences towards to the abandoned wells.
Many microorganisms occurring naturally in waters and soils can cause microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) on metal structures. Such microorganisms include sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), sulfate-reducing archaea (SRA), acid-producing bacteria (APB), methanogens, metal-oxidizing bacteria, metal-reducing bacteria, and nitrate-reducing bacteria. The activities of individual microbial species or a synergistic group of microbes alter the electrochemical processes on metal surface and produce a broad range of outcomes, such as pitting, crevice corrosion, under-deposit corrosion, and selective dealloying, in addition to an enhanced galvanic and erosion corrosion.
As the petroleum and energy industries relentlessly push boundaries to achieve operational efficiency and sustainability, the materials they utilize come under increasing analysis. Historically dominated by metallic components, downhole applications are witnessing a transformative shift towards non-metallic composite material such as Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) tubulars. These non-metallic solutions guarantees enhanced durability, cost-effectiveness, and resistance to the corrosive environment.