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Seawater injection is commonly utilized for offshore wells to maintain or increase oil production; however, treatment for seawater before injection is always necessary to reduce or remove bacteria, dissolved oxygen, sulfate, and other impurities. Seawater typically has >2000 mg/L sulfate. Without proper sulfate removal, such high levels of sulfate can cause not only barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, and calcium sulfate scales, but also reservoir souring and H2S corrosion in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Therefore, sulfate removal from seawater is critical before seawater injection into reservoir.
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