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Typical austenitic stainless steels like 316L (S31603) contain chromium, nickel, and, optionally, molybdenum as major alloying elements. These are required to provide their beneficial properties, which include e.g. very high corrosion resistance and high ductility and toughness, yet showing comparably low strength and hardness. General corrosion resistance is primarily achieved by the element chromium, which causes formation of a thin but dense chromium oxide layer on the surface, when the amount of chromium dissolved in the metallic matrix is larger than approximately 10.5 wt%.
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