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The formation of carbon deposits and fouling of tubes is one of the most common operational issues regarding the operability and lifetime of materials at an industrial scale. Several billion dollars are spent worldwide on annual basis to upgrade/change materials apart from revenue loss on account of production halt and additional costs incurred in maintenances. Particularly, the carbon deposition in the refining process is an evitable and undesired factor. Most refineries worldwide have vacuum distillation, delayed cokers, visbreakers, or thermal cracking units where coke formation occurs faster due to high temperatures used in the process.
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The formation of carbon deposits and fouling of tubes is one of the most common operational issues regarding the operability and lifetime of materials at an industrial scale. Several billion dollars are spent worldwide on annual basis to upgrade/change materials apart from revenue loss on account of production halt and additional costs incurred in maintenances. Particularly, the carbon deposition in the refining process is an evitable and undesired factor.