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The motivation for this work was to perform a comprehensive test program to investigate several commercially available composite repair systems and their interactions with cathodic protection. Multiple test methods were utilized to prove there remains a low probability of shielding for composites of typical thickness and in a typical environment. This work will also discuss how results from current industry qualification tests (such as those specified in ASME PCC-2) can be considered when making long-term decisions regarding the effects of cathodic protection on composite repairs and the pipelines on which they are installed. This paper provides an innovative approach to test and validate the interactions of cathodic protection with several commercially available composite repair systems.
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This is Part I of a two-part series intended to provide background and a rational justification or supporting rationale for requirements leading to the development and publication of NACE(1) MR 0175 and ISO(2) 15156. Part I focuses on some of the metallurgical and processing requirements; specifically, Rockwell C 22 scale (HRC) limit, the various acceptable heat treatments and the 1wt% Ni limit for carbon and low alloy steels to minimize the threat of sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in H2S containing environments. Part II describes the testing and rationale behind the use of accelerated laboratory test procedures and their development to differentiate metallurgical behavior in sour environments.
This paper is Part II of a two-part series intended to narrate the history, some of which has been forgotten over time, leading up to the publication of the first Material Requirement (MR-01-75) standard prepared by NACE and its subsequent auxiliary standards. Previously, Part I1 described the field observations and discussed the metallurgical factors that were being investigated by the historical NACE T-1B and 1F committees to support the development a “harmonized” sour service materials standard. In Part II, we focus on the rationale behind the use of accelerated laboratory test procedures and their development to differentiate metallurgical behavior in sour environments.
As onshore pipeline rights-of-way become more congested and urban sprawl increases, the number of horizontal directional drills (HDDs) will likely increase. HDD is a trenchless pipeline installation method that requires drilling a larger pilot hole where the mainline pipe can be subsequently pulled through the drilled hole. However, HDDs have an increased probability for coating damage, even when coated with traditional mill or field applied abrasion resistant overcoat (ARO).
As onshore pipeline rights-of-way become more congested and urban sprawl increases, the number of horizontal directional drills (HDDs) will likely increase. HDD is a trenchless pipeline installation method that requires drilling a larger pilot hole where the mainline pipe can be subsequently pulled through the drilled hole. However, HDDs have an increased probability for coating damage, even when coated with traditional mill or field applied abrasion resistant overcoat (ARO). This coating damage includes abrasion, impact, gouging, denting, tearing, bending, etc. and that damage may exist for the life of the pipeline due to an HDD being inaccessible for future maintenance.