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The construction of the new One World Trade Center (WTC) in New York includes exposed steel members and bolted splice plates. Accordingly, surface preparation and coating system selection for the bolt/washer/nut assemblies for the bolted connections was critical, since the splice plates would be visible. There was little published information on surface preparation and coating requirements for ASTM A 490 black bolts.
Corrosion is a natural phenomenon, and thus can never be completely eliminated; however, it is a misconception nothing can be done. Estimates show 25-30% of steel corrosion could be eliminated if proper corrosion protection methods were employed. Corrosion can simplistically be viewed as the tendency for the metal, after production and shaping, to revert back to its lower, more natural energy state of ore. This tendency is known as the Law of Entropy.