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Liquid-applied protective linings are commonly used to protect concrete structures found within water and wastewater treatment facilities. There are a number of referenced industry standards and guidelines detailing the construction of new concrete, evaluation of existing concrete, and surface preparation of concrete. This paper provides recommendations based on industry standards and related publications, as well as drawn from practical experience for preparing concrete for immersion conditions or chemical containment service in water and wastewater treatment.
The Bureau of Reclamation’s Materials Engineering Research Laboratory has been evaluating polyurethane pipe linings for severe immersion exposure, specifically for outlet works and penstock linings. Polyurethanes have several advantages over other coatings, such as application temperature range, faster cure times in cold temperatures, rapid return to service, coat large surface area rapidly, low viscosity (i.e., accommodates pumping over longer distances), and greater impact resistance.
In this article, we will be presenting some background about the zinc‐in‐immersion technology itself while addressing some of the important questions where the two opposing sides commonly clash. A discussion over failure modes; reasons for failure; and alternate technologies will be discussed. Additional information will detail what factors and features are needed to develop a good lining to protect steel water tanks. The paper will conclude by discussing alternative coating options that exist (including “greener” versions) and expected performance levels these coatings are anticipated to provide.