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Highly engineered PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) based coatings have evolved over the years to meet the specific requirements of market segments. Over 50 years ago, high temperature-baked PVDF based finishes were introduced to the architectural community to protect the metal components of skyscrapers, stadiums, and other landmark structures. The multi-decade service life and extreme weatherability of these coatings is attested to by outdoor Florida exposure and demonstrated by performance on structures worldwide.
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Current coating practice requires the thickness of anti-corrosion organic coatings to be over 250 for immersion parts of ships and offshore structures and the protective performance of these coatings has been evaluated by destructive and qualitative analysis. Recently, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method has been employed, as an alternative, to evaluate corrosion resistance of organic coatings. This method is characterized as being nondestructive, reproducible, and quantitative in evaluating aging of organic coatings.
The market for protective linings in the oil and gas sector has evolved in the last 30 years, reflecting on both increased performance demands and productivity demands. This paper will review the successes seen with tank linings and the changes seen within the market (legislative, HSE and more aggressive conditions), later, via a case study it will elaborate how these have steered R&D in the development of the next generation of high-performance linings.Finally, the relevance of the American Petroleum Guidance (API652 and 653) to establish their continued relevance in lining selection and inspection intervals will be reviewed along with the utilization of linings to support changing demands (increased life expectancy and inspection intervals).
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers owns and operates the vast majority of the countries lock and dam structures for inland navigation. The large steel gates on these structures are subjected to a severe impact and abrasive environment while in immersion by debris such as timber, ice, steel drums, etc. High VOC vinyl resin coatings have historically been the best available coatings for these structures in this environment but have exhibited very poor performance at the water line where the impact and abrasion is at its worse.
Historically, the Bureau of Reclamation observed coating service lives of 50 to 80 years when lining its water conveyance structures with coal tar enamel. Changes to regulations have largely eliminated coal tar enamel as a field coating option, and existing coal tar enamel is beginning to show signs of degradation or has already been repaired or recoated. Reclamation has been working to find an appropriate alternative to coal tar enamel.