AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'simulation and modeling'

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A Theoretical Investigation On The Role Of Microstructural Particularities On The Hydrogen Embrittlement Of Nickel Alloys

Product Number: 51322-17718-SG

Author: Julia Botinha, Bodo Gehrmann, Helena Alves

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Precipitation hardened (PH) nickel alloys have been broadly used in various applications in the oil and gas industry thanks to its high strengths and outstanding corrosion resistance in several aggressive environments. Alloy 718 (UNS¹ N07718), Alloy 925 (UNS N09925), Alloy K-500 (UNS N05500), Alloy 725 (UNS N07725), and others are among the most used PH nickel alloys in the oil and gas industry. Despite of their known high corrosion properties, hydrogen embrittlement is one common failure reported by the industry for this class of alloys.

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Advancement of a Comprehensive Mechanistic CO2 Corrosion Model to Incorporate Simulated Hydrodynamics via a Turbulent Flow Model

Product Number: 51324-20657-SG

Author: Michael Jones; Gregory de Boer; Richard Woollam; Joshua Owen; Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In this work, two comprehensive mechanistic models of aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion produced by Nordsveen et al.1 and Kahyarian et al.2 17 years apart are recreated and compared to highlight the evolution in understanding. The differences between the models include the role of carbonic acid at the surface, whether it is directly reduced or acts as a buffering agent, as well as different mechanisms for the anodic response, and varying temperature responses of multiple input variables. Through recreation and validation of these models using the same software, key comparisons are made to understand the effect of these changes on predicted corrosion rate, surface pH, and speciation through the boundary layers. These values are plotted across a range of input parameters to investigate how the change in scientific understanding influences predictive response of corrosion models.

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Assessing Comprehensive Mechanistic CO2 Corrosion Modeling Methods and Their Impact on Predicted Corrosion Behavior

Product Number: 51324-20656-SG

Author: Michael Jones; Gregory de Boer; Richard Woollam; Joshua Owen; Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In this work, two comprehensive mechanistic models of aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion produced by Nordsveen et al.1 and Kahyarian et al.2 17 years apart are recreated and compared to highlight the evolution in understanding. The differences between the models include the role of carbonic acid at the surface, whether it is directly reduced or acts as a buffering agent, as well as different mechanisms for the anodic response, and varying temperature responses of multiple input variables. Through recreation and validation of these models using the same software, key comparisons are made to understand the effect of these changes on predicted corrosion rate, surface pH, and speciation through the boundary layers. These values are plotted across a range of input parameters to investigate how the change in scientific understanding influences predictive response of corrosion models.

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Coating Conductance Characterization Using Trenchless Crossing Data

Product Number: 51324-21037-SG

Author: Daniel Fingas

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Coating resistance or conductance values are critical input parameters for the accurate modelling and design of AC mitigation and cathodic protection (CP) systems for pipelines. However, there are relatively few sources for real-world coating resistance values in the literature. To attempt to fill this gap, data from coating quality tests performed on thousands of trenchless pipeline installations was used to characterize the coating resistance of new, primarily fusion bonded epoxy (FBE)-coated pipelines. The tests assess damage incurred as part of the trenchless installations and cover the full range from pristine coating to significant scratches with bare metal. This allows the dataset to provide insight into both a baseline for open-trench coating quality and a range of practical coating qualities for trenchless installations. It was found that specific coating resistance values varied from less than 100 O·m2 to >1 MO·m2 but that there was no specific threshold that could be associated with pristine FBE coating. However, the data clearly validated the ‘300 mV shift’ design guideline for CP systems, which also demonstrates the link between CP current requirement and coating quality. Considering this, the implication of requiring a certain current density irrespective of coating quality is illustrated.

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Comparing AC Study Techniques In Addressing AC Corrosion Risk

Product Number: 51322-17735-SG

Author: Perry Ross

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

AC interference studies have become increasingly popular in an industry where shared right of ways have increased and there has been a better understanding of how AC interacts between pipelines and powerlines that are collocated with each other. While modeling software for AC interference studies have been developed since the 1990s, advancement in AC interference processes have occurred as more has been learned over the years. When performing an AC interference study there are three steps that need to be completed: field data collection, modeling, and mitigation design. Within this paper, we can compare a project from ten years ago to a project from today to understand the developments that have been made over the course of time to improve the way we develop our mitigation designs.

CP Virtual Training Simulator Subscription - One Year CP Virtual Training Simulator Access

Product Number: CPVIRTUALTRAININGSIMULATOR

$429.00

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Efficiency of Cathodic Protection of Stainless Steel in Confined Area - Further Understanding of the Protection Mechanism through Experimental Testing and Modeling

Product Number: 51324-20639-SG

Author: Charles Leballeur; Jean Vittonato; Nicolas Larché; Hervé Marchebois

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Cathodic protection (CP) of carbon steel has been extensively studied for structures exposed to the open sea. However, the knowledge and data available for carbon steel cannot be directly applied to stainless steels, especially in the case of confined surfaces that are prone to crevice corrosion. In the context of stainless steels, confined surfaces (such as the contact surfaces of fasteners or valves) are critical zones as crevice corrosion represents the primary failure mode for passive alloys in seawater. With CP, the local potential achieved in confinement areas is highly dependent on various factors, including the actual geometries (crevice gap, length, local pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO), ohmic drops, etc.). These factors can raise questions about the actual efficiency of CP if the current cannot reach the confined area. Conversely, if sufficient current can reach the confined area, the risk of hydrogen embrittlement (especially for strain-hardened or precipitation hardened alloys) should be taken into consideration. A specific experimental setup has been constructed to characterize the electrochemical behavior of stainless steel in a confined environment and the physicochemical properties of the confined seawater. The results have shown a complete deaeration of the confined seawater under all test conditions, along with an increase of the pH when CP is applied. The tests have also highlighted the significant impact of slight crevice gap variation on the current distribution. Based on the experimental findings, polarization curves representing confined environments have been generated. These curves have been integrated into a finite element model, allowing for the extrapolation of the experimental results to different crevice geometries. After a few centimeters, little to no current should be able to reach the confined surfaces if the crevice gap is inferior to 10µm. However, the risk of corrosion of stainless steels remains limited due to the local CP-induced chemistry at the interface. The CP also mitigates the ohmic drop in the confined area which also tend to reduce the risk of crevice corrosion.

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High Temperature Corrosion Quantification in Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuel Applications

Product Number: MECC23-20056-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan, Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The authors have developed and introduced a molecular mechanistic model that quantifies and predicts simultaneous naphthenic acid and sulfidation (SNAPS) corrosion rates. This was subsequently presented as a definitive mechanistic corrosion prediction framework describing the molecular basis of the model’s reactions, kinetics, and mass transport of reactive organic sulfur compounds (ROSC) to vessel walls . In this molecular model, sulfidation corrosion is calculated for direct heterolytic reaction of ROSC with solid surfaces. As recently reported, % total S and ppm mercaptans are used as input for the ROSC reactions in the model (Figure 1).

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Introducing An Innovative Simultaneous Naphthenic Acid, Sulfidation And Mass Transport Corrosion Model

Product Number: 51321-16755-SG

Author: Abbey Wing; Winston Robbins, PhD; Gerrit Buchheim, P.E.; Frank Sapienza

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Math for the Coatings Professional_IMPERIAL

Product Number: ICA Math_Imperial

$299.00

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Numerical Exploration of a Comprehensive Mechanistic CO2 Corrosion Model Part I: Influence of Temperature, Pressure and Bulk pH

Product Number: 51323-19304-SG

Author: Michael Jones, Gregory de Boer, Richard Woollam, Joshua Owen and Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Simulation and modeling of corrosion processes is an area of research that has seen significant growth
in recent decades, with technological advancements drastically reducing the time required to solve the
equations that underpin real-world physics. Predicting the behavior of a system computationally, when
done accurately, provides great benefit complementing experimental testing to further explain what is
happening within the corrosion process. There have therefore been multiple predictive models produced
over the years to achieve this aim. Within the realm of carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion, Kahyarian et al.

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Numerical Exploration of a Comprehensive Mechanistic CO2 Corrosion Model Part II: Influence of Hydrodynamics and Bulk pH

Product Number: 51323-19305-SG

Author: Michael Jones, Gregory de Boer, Richard Woollam, Joshua Owen and Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

It is well known that the hydrodynamics of fluid flow directly influences the corrosion process, as shown
in various experiments utilizing rotating electrodes and flow loops to measure corrosion within
turbulent flow. However, when fluid is flowing through a pipe, there is a phenomenon known as the ‘noslip
condition’ which causes the velocity of the fluid to tend to zero as it reaches the wall. For straight
pipe flow, this follows the ‘universal law of the wall’ (Figure 1) which separates flow into 3 domains: fully
turbulent flow, the buffer layer, and the viscous sublayer (also known as the boundary layer) which is the
being modelled here.

Products tagged with 'simulation and modeling'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance