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Drill collars are thick-walled pipes that provide stiffness and concentration of mass at or near the bit and are among the main components of the bottom-hole assembly (BHA). The non-magnetic drill collars (NMDCs) represent a sub-category of proprietary drill collars that enable magnetic surveying and directional drilling. Due to their cross-section, NMDCs are inherently heavy and can convey a strong push on the drill bit itself, minimizing cutting instability problems, while their strength is sufficient to prevent buckling while drilling.
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In late 2021, several leaks were observed inside the waste heat boiler coil of the steam reformer furnace at the refinery. The leaks were located in the first row of tubes of the hot bank in the vertically-oriented coil, where boiler water inside the tubes is heated via waste heat of the reformer stack. The waste heat boiler coil has a design duty of 69.59 MMBtu/hr (~20.4 MW), with design pressures and temperatures of 1010 psig (6.9 MPa) and 700°F (371°C), respectively.
Design, fabrication, and inspection practices to maintain mechanical integrity and minimize potential occurrence of undetected corrosion in sulfuric acid or oleum storage tanks at atmospheric and low pressure.
Composite repair systems’ performance relies heavily on the levels of adhesion between the initial layer of the composite system and the substrate. Enhanced adhesion translates to improved performance of the composite system since better bonding (whether mechanical or chemical) enhances the load transfer from the substrate to the composite layers as well as limit the porosity that would allow liquid or gas molecules to flow through. The aim of this study was to prove quantitatively how the APS atmospheric plasma surface preparation can improve the performance of composite repair systems whether on leaking or nonleaking defects.