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Critical factors affecting intergranular corrosion in AA5XXX under atmospheric exposures. Cathodic kinetics play an important role in atmospheric or open circuit localized corrosion. Electrochemical experiments in thin film electrolytes were conducted to explain the corrosion morphology observed in lab exposures.
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Samples simulating the continuous changing structures of UNS S30400 heat affected zone (HAZ) were prepared for examination using metallographic structural analysis, corrosion morphological observations, and traditional electrochemical measurements to characterize the intergranular corrosion and pitting resistance.
Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys are vitally important materials in chemical processing, petrochemical, agrichemical and pharmaceutical industries. When aggressive process streams are involved, corrosion-resistant alloys are selected for applications such as heat exchangers, reactors, pressure vessels and/or other process equipment in various industry sectors.1 The Ni-Mo alloys provide excellent resistance to reducing hydrochloric and sulfuric acids over large ranges of concentration and temperature. They also resist pure hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid and other non-oxidizing halide salt solutions.
Ni-base alloy weld material has been widely used for primary reactor components of BWR. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in Ni-base alloy welds is of an increased importance and an ongoing subject in the industry to secure material reliability of the components especially for long-term operation of light water reactors. Although alloy 82 has shown excellent service performance in BWR applications, it is known that alloy 82 exhibit SCC susceptibility in laboratory tests under simulated BWR environment with a combination of particular, severe test conditions such as high level of material cold work and highly accelerated environment. In addition, few experiences with SCCs in the welds associated with alloy 82 have been recently reported in the operating BWR plants.
Recently, the nickel-based alloy UNS N08827, commercially known as VDM ® Alloy 825 CTP(3), has been presented to the oil and gas industry as an alloy that has been developed to fill in the existing gap between both UNS N08825 and UNS N06625 in terms of localized corrosion resistance. It is a solid-solution nickel alloy with chemical composition similar to UNS N08825, except for its doubled molybdenum content and the no addition of titanium.
A powerful way to study hydrogen embrittlement at a local scale is by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM). This technique by measuring the surface potential at the nanometer scale allows the detection and localization of hydrogen in the alloy.