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Determining the resistance of high-Cr Ni-base Alloy 690 to environmental degradation during long-term pressurized water reactor (PWR) exposure is needed to confirm its viability as the replacement material for Alloy 600 and help establish a quantitative factor of improvement for stress corrosion crack (SCC) initiation. SCC initiation testing on cold-worked (CW) Alloy 600 materials in PWR primary water has demonstrated that intergranular (IG) attack is the precursor to SCC initiation in this material. In comparison, an equivalent degradation and cracking process does not exist in CW Alloy 690.
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Drilling deeper geothermal wells to obtain more energy output per well with higher temperature and pressure and increased corrosiveness. Testing was done in simulated geothermal environment at 180°C and 350°C with a pressure of 10 bar. On high alloy austenitic stainless steel UNS S31254.
Alloy 35Mo is a new versatile Ni-alloy which has corrosion and mechanical properties comparable to advanced Ni-base alloys, with the benefit that it can be processed like a stainless steel. The alloy was recently designated UNS N08935 with the composition 35Ni-30Fe-27Cr-6.5Mo-0.28N and has a PREN of 52. This paper presents the mechanical and physical properties of the material and results from corrosion testing. Corrosion results from general corrosion testing in acid environments, together with results from stress corrosion cracking testing in chloride environments and pitting corrosion testing show that UNS N08935 can be used in harsh environments in many applications, e.g. heat exchangers in refinery industry and equipment with seawater cooling. UNS N08935 also has high mechanical strength, and good weldability has been shown using Alloy 59 as filler metal.
PbSCC of Ni-base alloys is active over a wide range of environmental conditions but for the higher Cr content Alloys 800 and 690 only under abnormal crevice environment of high or low pH that can occur in the secondary side of Pressurized Water Nuclear Reactors (PWRs). Several experimental campaigns have aimed at understanding this phenomenon, concluding that PbSCC can develop in both acidic and caustic solutions, for low and high concentration of Pb, across a wide electrochemical potential range and in presence of chlorides contaminants.
The effects of corrosion are wide-spread and widely known. From construction to transportation and everything in between corrosion is a result of environmental effects on the metals we use to build. Corrosion may be controlled, however, through the use of inhibitors as an on-going treatment in order to effectively stall the act of corrosion.