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Several experiences with the use of titanium heat exchangers in refining processes are summarized. These involve distillation column overhead condensers in atmospheric crude distilling units, fluid catalytic cracking units, delayed coking units, and sour water strippers. The causes of problems are discussed. Needs for additional data are highlighted.
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Proper heat treatment on stainless steel (SS) heat exchanger tubes is very important to obtain the expected stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and corrosion resistance of the material. This paper will discuss three recent issues that have arisen on this topic.
This AMPP standard defines standard practices for new carbon steel (CS) pressure vessels to be used in petroleum refining wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-containing environments, with the recommended steps for resisting the damage mechanisms listed below. It covers materials, welding, testing, and other fabrication requirements. It is intended to be used by refiners, equipment fabricators, engineering contractors, and construction contractors.
This standard establishes guidelines to prevent most forms of environmental cracking of weldments in carbon steel refinery equipment, including pressure vessels, heat exchangers, piping, valve bodies, and pump and compressor cases. Weldments are defined to include the weld deposit, base metal HAZ, and adjacent base metal zones subject to residual stresses from welding. It defines standard practices for producing weldments in P-No. 1 steels resistant to environmental cracking in corrosive petroleum refining environments. This standard is maintained by Task Group 326.
Fouling and corrosion of heat exchangers poses a challenge for oil and gas operators. Here we describe recent efforts to develop and deploy thin, sol-gel-derived coatings to mitigate fouling and promote continuous operation of exchangers without compromising heat transfer efficiency.