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By selection of proper base metal/weld metal combinations and diligent use of established cladding procedures a very serviceable and reliable “wallpaper” metallic lining requiring only periodic cleaning, can be achieved at an economical price.
According to ISO 15156(1) standard, the acceptability limits of duplex stainless steels for a safe use in exploration and production environments are defined based on the PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) of the considered alloy. For a duplex stainless steel with 30 < PREN < 40 (typical of 22%Cr steels), the alloy is acceptable up to a H2S partial pressure of 0.1 bar while this partial pressure can be increased up to 0.2 bar if 40 < PREN < 45 (typical of 25%Cr steels).
Available cast austenitic and duplex stainless steel grades and their castability and corrosion resistance. The conclusion is that superduplex stainless steel offers the best combination of properties for seawater cooling and firewater pumps.